Warum nennt man 4 Zylindermotoren nicht V4 Motoren?
Jeder V4-Motor ist ein 4-Zylinder, aber nicht jeder 4-Zylindermotor ist ein V4.
Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, 4 Zylinder in einem Motorblock räumlich anzuordnen.
Am häufigsten findet man R4, also 4-Zylinder-Reihenmotoren.
V4-Motoren sind bei Autos* unüblich. Ich habe auf die Schnelle kein aktuelles V4-Modell gefunden, nur historisch:
Ford Taunus V4 engine - Wikipedia
Reciprocating internal combustion engine The Ford Taunus V4 engine is a 60° V4 piston engine with one balance shaft , introduced by Ford Motor Company in Germany in 1962. The German V4 was built in the Cologne plant and powered the Ford Taunus and German versions of the Consul , Capri , and Transit . Balance shaft In common with other V4 and V6 engines , but unlike longer V engines with more cylinders, the connecting rods do not share a crankpin on the crankshaft . The V4 was later expanded into the Ford Cologne V6 engine that was used in the Ford Capri , Ford Taunus , Ford Cortina , Ford Consul , Ford Granada , Ford Sierra , Ford Scorpio , Ford Ranger , Ford Explorer , Ford Mustang , Mercury Capri , and many other cars. The V4 engine was also used in industrial applications: pumps, electrical generators , agricultural machinery and snowcats . In automobiles, the Taunus V4 was replaced by the Ford OHC/Pinto engine . Initially the V4 engine was designed by Ford for a new entry compact car intended for the US market to be called the Ford "Cardinal", which eventually evolved into the Taunus 12m P4. Ford abandoned the "Cardinal" project and instead built the Ford Falcon for North America. Ford then sought other uses for the V4 engine which was initially tested in the Saab 96 . Ford bought several Saab 96s for testing and eventually sold the cars back to Saab with the V4 engines in them. Saab tested the V4s at their Trollhättan test track which stimulated Saab to acquire the V4 engine for their 95, 96, and 97 (Sonett) introduced in August 1966 (1967 production model). The V4 engine eliminated the need to mix oil with fuel for the two-cycle Saab "Shrike" engine and provided better low end torque. Saab dealers offered the first owner a "Lifetime Warranty " for the V4 for US$50. Applications: The 1.2 L (1,183 cc) version features an 80 mm × 58.86 mm (3.150 in × 2.317 in) bore and stroke. Output was 40 hp (29.8 kW) and 80 N⋅m (59 lb⋅ft) or 45 hp (33.6 kW) and 82 N⋅m (60 lb⋅ft). Applications: The 1.3 L (1,288 cc) version had an 84 mm × 58.86 mm (3.307 in × 2.317 in) bore and stroke. Output was 50 hp (37.3 kW) and 95 N⋅m (70 lb⋅ft) or 53 hp (39.5 kW) and 98 N⋅m (72 lb⋅ft). Applications: The 1.5 L (1,498 cc) V4 had a 90 mm × 58.86 mm (3.543 in × 2.317 in) bore and stroke. It produced 55 hp (41 kW) and 107 N⋅m (79 lb⋅ft), 60 hp (44.7 kW) and 114 N⋅m (84 lb⋅ft) or 65 hp (48.5 kW) and 117 N⋅m (86 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm. The 1.7 L (1,699 cc) V4 had a 90 mm × 66.8 mm (3.54 in × 2.63 in) bore and stroke. It produced 65 hp (48.5 kW) and 129 N⋅m (95 lb⋅ft), 70 hp (52.2 kW) and 137 N⋅m (101 lb⋅ft) or 75 hp (56 kW) and 130 N⋅m (96 lb⋅ft). Applications: 1966-1970 Ford Taunus 12M P6 1966-1970 Ford Taunus 15M P6 1964-1967 Ford Taunus 17M P5 1967-1971 Ford Taunus 17M P7 1965-1972 Ford Transit Mark I 1967-1972 Matra 530 1969-1972 Ford Capri 1972-1975 Ford Consul (German version) 1975-1981 Ford Granada (German version) 1971-1974 Saab 95 , Saab 96 and Saab Sonett , low compressi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taunus_V4_engine
Wenn man einen flachen Motor möchte, realisiert man den Vierzylinder anstatt als Reihen- eher noch als Boxer-Motor (F4). Vierzylinder-Boxer baut aktuell z.B. Subaru - sowohl als Benziner als auch als Diesel - und früher natürlich Volkswagen, in den meisten Modellen vor dem Golf.
(*) Bei Motorrädern sind V4-Motoren durchaus üblich (Ducati, Honda, KTM, etc.).