Where did the Aztec and Maya live?
Die Maya lebten in den Dschungeln der Halbinsel Yucatan. Sie bezogen ihr Süßwasser aus Cenoten, das sind Höhlen in Kalksteinfelsen. Wie Florida und das Gizeh-Plateau ist die Yucatan-Halbinsel ein riesiger Kalksteinblock.
Cenote - Wikipedia
A cenote ( English: / s ɪ ˈ n oʊ t i / or / s ɛ ˈ n oʊ t eɪ / ; Latin American Spanish: [seˈnote] ) is a natural pit , or sinkhole , resulting from the collapse of limestone bedrock that exposes groundwater . The term originated on the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico, where cenotes were commonly used for water supplies by the ancient Maya , and occasionally for sacrificial offerings . The term derives from a word used by the lowland Yucatec Maya — tsʼonoʼot —to refer to any location with accessible groundwater. [2] [3] The cenote at Hubiku, Yucatan [1] The Yucatán Peninsula alone has an estimated 10,000 cenotes, [4] water-filled sinkholes naturally formed by the collapse of limestone, located across the Yucatán Peninsula, in Mexico. Some of these cenotes are at risk from the construction of the new tourist Maya Train . [4] Cenotes are common geological forms in low-altitude regions, particularly on islands, coastlines, and platforms with young post- Paleozoic limestone with little soil development. The term cenote , originally used only to describe the features in Yucatán, has since been applied to similar karst features in other countries such as Cuba , Australia , and the United States . Definition and description edit The Sacred Cenote at Chichen Itza , Mexico Cenotes are surface connections to subterranean water bodies. [5] While the best-known cenotes are large open-water pools measuring tens of meters in diameter, such as those at Chichen Itza in Mexico , the greatest number of cenotes are smaller sheltered sites and do not necessarily have any surface exposed water. Some cenotes are only found through small <1 m (3 ft) diameter holes created by tree roots, with human access through enlarged holes, such as the cenotes Cenote Choo-Ha , Tamcach-Ha, and Multum-Ha near Tulum . There are at least 6,000 cenotes in the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. [6] [ better source needed ] Cenote water is often very clear, as the water comes from rain water filtering slowly through the ground, and therefore contains very little suspended particulate matter. The groundwater flow rate within a cenote may be very slow. In many cases, cenotes are areas where sections of the cave roof have collapsed revealing an underlying cave system, and the water flow rates may be much faster: up to 10 kilometers (6 mi) per day. [7] The Yucatan cenotes attract cavern and cave divers who have documented extensive flooded cave systems, some of which have been explored for lengths of 376 km (234 mi) or more. [8] Geology and hydrology edit The Samulá Cenote in Valladolid , Yucatán, Mexico Cenotes are formed by the dissolution of rock and the resulting subsurface void, which may or may not be linked to an active cave system , [ clarification needed ] and the subsequent structural collapse. Rock that falls into the water below is slowly removed by further dissolution, creating space for more collapse blocks. Likely, the rate of collapse increases during periods when the water table is belo
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenote
Die Azteken lebten im Tal von Mexiko. Das liegt hoch in den Bergen. Sie bekamen ihr Süßwasser aus dem Texcoco-See. Ihre Hauptstadt Tenochtitlan wurde in der Mitte des Sees gebaut. Heute ist der See trockengelegt und Mexiko-Stadt liegt auf ihm.
Tenochtitlan - Wikipedia
Tenochtitlan , [a] also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan , [b] was a large Mexican altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City . The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. [2] The city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico . The city was the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century [3] until it was captured by the Spanish in 1521 . At its peak, it was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas . It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain . Today, the ruins of Tenochtitlan are in the historic center of the Mexican capital. The World Heritage Site of Xochimilco contains what remains of the geography (water, boats, floating gardens ) of the Mexica capital. Tenochtitlan was one of two Mexica āltepētl ( city-states or polities ) on the island, the other being Tlatelolco . Etymology edit Traditionally, the name Tenochtitlan was thought to come from Nahuatl tetl [ˈtetɬ] ("rock") and nōchtli [ˈnoːtʃtɬi] (" prickly pear ") and is often thought to mean, "Among the prickly pears [growing among] rocks." However, one attestation in the late 16th-century manuscript known as "the Bancroft dialogues" suggest the second vowel was short, so that the true etymology remains uncertain. [4] Another view is that the city was named after Tenoch . Geography edit The western side of the shallow Lake Texcoco . Tenochtitlan is the southern part of the main island (below the red line). The northern part is Tlatelolco . Tenochtitlan covered an estimated 8 to 13.5 km 2 (3.1 to 5.2 sq mi), [ citation needed ] situated on the western side of the shallow Lake Texcoco . At the time of Spanish conquests, Mexico City comprised both Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco . The city extended from north to south, from the north border of Tlatelolco to the swamps , which by that time were gradually disappearing to the west; the city ended more or less at the present location of Avenida Bucareli . [ citation needed ] The city was connected to the mainland by bridges and causeways leading to the north, south, and west. The causeways were interrupted by bridges that allowed canoes and other water traffic to pass freely. The bridges could be pulled away, if necessary, to protect the city. [5] [6] The city was interlaced with a series of canals , so that all sections of the city could be visited either on foot or via canoe . [7] Lake Texcoco was the largest of five interconnected lakes. Since it formed in an endorheic basin , Lake Texcoco was brackish . During the reign of Moctezuma I , the " levee of Nezahualcoyotl " was constructed, reputedly designed by Nezahualcoyotl . Estimated to be 12 to 16 km (7.5 to 9.9 mi) in length, the levee was completed c. 1453 . The levee kept fresh spring -fed water in the waters around Tenochtitlan and kept the brackish waters beyond the dike, to the east. [8] Two double
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan