sentence-transformers safetensors bert sentence-similarity feature-extraction generated_from_trainer dataset_size:9000 loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss en arxiv:1908.10084 arxiv:1705.00652 base_model:BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 base_model:finetune:BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 license:apache-2.0 model-index autotrain_compatible text-embeddings-inference endpoints_compatible region:us
---
base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
datasets: []
language:
- en
library_name: sentence-transformers
license: apache-2.0
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy@1
- cosine_accuracy@3
- cosine_accuracy@5
- cosine_accuracy@10
- cosine_precision@1
- cosine_precision@3
- cosine_precision@5
- cosine_precision@10
- cosine_recall@1
- cosine_recall@3
- cosine_recall@5
- cosine_recall@10
- cosine_ndcg@10
- cosine_mrr@10
- cosine_map@100
- dot_accuracy@1
- dot_accuracy@3
- dot_accuracy@5
- dot_accuracy@10
- dot_precision@1
- dot_precision@3
- dot_precision@5
- dot_precision@10
- dot_recall@1
- dot_recall@3
- dot_recall@5
- dot_recall@10
- dot_ndcg@10
- dot_mrr@10
- dot_map@100
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:9000
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: Globe, Omaha Fiesole and Chianti are all varieties of which vegetable?
  sentences:
  - What is the Rugby Union Six Nations tournament? - CBBC Newsround What is the Rugby
    Union Six Nations tournament? 11 February 2015 Image copyright Getty Images Check
    out this guide to find out all you need to know about the Six Nations. Rugby Union
    Six Nations tournament The Six Nations is a rugby union tournament played every
    year between the top countries in Europe. The six countries who take part are
    England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, France and Italy. For the first 90 years of
    the championships there were only five countries involved, but Italy were invited
    to take part in 2000. Rugby Union Rugby Union is played by teams of 15 players,
    with each team made up of eight forwards and seven backs. Even at the top level
    it used to be amateur; that is, played for fun by people who had other jobs too,
    but now the top players are all professionals. The biggest competition in Union
    is the World Cup, played every four years, but the most famous one in this country
    is the Six Nations championship. The Grand Slam If a team wins all five of its
    matches it is called a Grand Slam, but to win a Grand Slam is very hard. England
    won a Grand Slam in 2003, but only after losing their final match in the three
    seasons before. The Triple Crown The Triple Crown is a special prize that only
    the four home unions are able to win. Image copyright PA Image caption A team
    can only win the triple crown if they beat all three of the other home unions
    Rugby facts The sport gets its name from the place where it was invented, Rugby
    School in Warwickshire, England. In 1816 a pupil called William Webb Ellis got
    a bit bored during a match of football and decided that picking up the ball would
    make things more interesting. Although the game has come a long way since, even
    splitting into two codes; Rugby Union and Rugby League, that's where it started.
    One of the most important rules of the sport is that the ball can only be passed
    backwards.
  - 'Baked Artichoke Recipe Baked Artichoke Recipe written by Heather Restrepo So
    there are a variety of types when it comes to artichokes (Red-Babyanzio, Big-heart,
    Siena, Mercury, Omaha, Fiesole, Chianti, etc.) But perhaps the most common is
    the Classic Green Globe artichoke. This is probably the type of artichoke you
    will find at your local grocer. Having moved to Hawaii as a teen, that is when
    I was first introduced to this intimidating looking veggie. I would never have
    predicted that I could ever encompass the foodie-love-affair that I now have with
    them! The Classic Green Globe artichoke is by far my favorite because of its’
    buttery-tasting heart and bottom. There is also a good amount of meat within the
    petals – SCORE if you ask me! Many people enjoy perfectly grilled, baked, or steamed
    artichokes at fancy restaurants, which are usually served with a garlic aioli
    type of sauce (find my aioli recipe here ).  Nonetheless, making them at home
    is not as scary as you might think! I find that steaming artichokes gives them
    a bitter taste compared to baking, plus popping them in the oven is so much easier
    than messing with a steamer! So, here is my go-to recipe for BAKED artichokes:
    INGREDIENTS: 2 tbsp. Grass-fed Butter (un-salted) 1 tsp. Garlic Powder *NOTE:
    You will need a baking dish with a lid/cover. To start – Preheat the oven to 425
    degrees.  Give the artichoke a good rinse in cold water, and use a kitchen brush
    to lightly scrub the outside. Then cut about a half-inch from the stem and discard
    the bottom piece. I also cut about a half-inch from the very top, just to open
    it up and allow the seasoning to get inside for cooking.  *OPTIONAL: Some people
    like to trim the tops of the leaves to get rid of the thorns, but I find that
    they become soft during cooking so I don’t bother.  Then, carefully cut the artichoke
    vertically in half. Line a baking dish with parchment paper and place the halves
    on top. Then lightly coat both pieces with a halved lemon. Take the other half
    of the lemon and squeeze along the inside of the artichoke, as well as between
    the leaves. Then sprinkle the sea salt and garlic powder all-over both sides and
    a bit between the leaves. Next, lightly drizzle your oil all over the artichoke
    pieces (in between the leaves also). Then place a tbsp. of grass-fed butter in
    each of the heart pockets. Cover the baking dish with lid, and place in to the
    oven.  Allow to cook until sizzling., usually about 1 hour. (Ovens will vary,
    so check often after 30-40 minutes of cooking) After cooking, allow to cool, remove the
    choke with a spoon (the hairy inside part), and then enjoy the meat on petals,
    and heart/bottom! x. Heather'
  - 'Lady Lever Art Gallery - Gallery in Port Sunlight, Port Sunlight - Visit Liverpool
    You are here: Things To Do > Lady Lever Art Gallery Lady Lever Art Gallery Note:
    Prices are a guide only and may change on a daily basis. About The Lady Lever
    Art Gallery is regarded as one of the finest art galleries in Europe. It''s located
    in model village, Port Sunlight in Wirral, a place rich in architectural charm. 
    The gallery was founded by William Hesketh Lever (1851-1925) and is dedicated
    to his wife Elizabeth, Lady Lever. Lever wanted to share his collections with
    the public and the works on display at the gallery have been personally selected. 
    Inside the gallery, visitors will find the best of Lever''s personal art collection
    and the finest collection of Wedgewood jasperware anywhere in the world. The Pre-Raphaelite
    painting collection is internationally renowned and features works by Millais,
    Rossetti, Burne-Jones and Holman Hunt.  For younger visitors, the activity rooms
    are an interactive space where they can get hands-on and have fun with crafts,
    dressing up and story telling.  Lady Lever often houses temporary exhibitions
    and popular free events, be sure to check the website before visiting.  Before
    leaving, browse the gift shop or enjoy a bite to eat in the Gallery Cafe. All
    Areas Accessible to Disabled Visitors Cafe/Restaurant Guided Tours Available for
    Groups Large Parties Map & Directions Road Directions From Liverpool: Go through
    the Birkenhead (Queensway) Tunnel (£1.40 toll for cars, £4.20 for coaches). Once
    you leave the tunnel follow signs for Port Sunlight, driving along A41(New Chester
    Road) - the gallery is sign posted all the way from the tunnel and situated opposite
    Port Sunlight Museum.  From elsewhere: Leave the M53 at junction 4, follow the
    B5137 and take the second left onto the B5136 towards Port Sunlight. Follow the
    brown and white road signs for Port Sunlight Village. Once you are in the village
    follow the signs for Lady Lever Art Gallery. Public Transport Directions By Train:
    The nearest station is Bebington although Port Sunlight is also within walking
    distance. They are both on the Chester and Ellesmere Port Merseyrail lines. Leave
    the station and come out onto Old Chester Road (use the ramp if you require level
    access). Turn left, cross at the traffic lights, then turn left again down Bebington
    Road, passing under the railway bridge. Turn next right down Greendale Road. Continue
    along the pavement on the same side as the cottages for approximately 400 yards
    until you see the Leverhulme memorial and the Lady Lever Art Gallery on your left.
    Take the pathway on your left leading into Windy Bank and towards the memorial
    and the gallery. The entrance to the gallery is to the right side of the building
    opposite the fountain.  By bus:  Take number 464 to Bebington Road bus stop (starts
    at Sir Thomas Street in Liverpool city centre) or number 38 to Bebington rail
    station bus stop (runs between Clatterbridge Hospital and West Kirby station).
    Once you get off the bus refer to the above directions from Bebington railway
    station. TripAdvisor'
- source_sentence: Pinkie, Cubitt and Ida Arnold are all characters in which Graham
    Green novel?
  sentences:
  - 'Brighton Rock Maximize this page Introduction This study guide is intended for
    students preparing for exams at GCE Advanced (A2) level and Advanced Supplementary
    (AS) level. But it is suitable for university students and the general reader
    who is interested in Brighton Rock. Please use the hyperlinks in the table above
    to navigate this page. If you have any comments or suggestions to make about this
    page, please e-mail me by clicking on this link. The purpose of this study guide
    is to help you find your way around the text, and to introduce subjects which
    may be set by examiners. It is not a substitute for close study of the novel.
    Ideas presented here need to be supported by textual reference (either summary
    of narrative detail or brief direct quotation, as appropriate; do not quote at
    length: you gain no credit for this in an "open book" exam, the point of the reference
    will not be clear, and you are wasting time!). Back to top It is assumed by the
    examiners that literature is a humane subject; that is, that books set for study
    explore and interpret values and attitudes in the real world, although they must
    also be judged in their own right as imaginative works depicting an alternative
    reality or alternative view of the world. Broadly speaking, students are asked
    to examine works in terms of their content (what they are about) and the author''s
    technique (how they are composed). While examiners hope that students will enjoy
    studying these things, they recognize that this enjoyment will rarely be simple
    or immediate in the case of demanding texts. Students would do well to develop
    maturity as readers, to discover the historical and cultural diversity of western
    literature, with some of its history; to recognize different literary forms, genres
    and conventions. Personal and independent judgements are encouraged, but should
    be made against a background of familiarity with established or current attitudes.
    It is impossible to "teach" this entirely within lesson time; private reading,
    directed by a teacher or other well-read person, is essential. Because you cannot
    read everything, or even very much, try to profit from the experience of others.
    Back to top Brighton Rock: what is it about? At one level, this novel is a simple,
    if elegant, thriller: Ida Arnold, an unlikely heroine, pursues the evil but failed
    gangster Pinkie Brown; she seeks his punishment, while trying to save from his
    influence the young woman, Rose, whom Pinkie has married to buy her silence. In
    these terms, with vivid but usually straightforward characters and well-drawn
    locations, and the shocking conclusion (the reader is aware of Rose''s imminent
    discovery of Pinkie''s hatred) the novel shows why it achieved great popularity,
    and why it was successfully adapted for the cinema. Unlike some classic works,
    it obeys the convention of popular fiction, that there should be a well-paced
    and exciting story; "suspense" is also provided by the reader''s concern for the
    perhaps doomed Rose. But why is the novel also considered to be serious fiction,
    or a "modern classic"? This is a little less obvious, but we can find reasons
    for this opinion, if we look. Like many writers from earlier times, Greene is
    deeply interested in what could be called metaphysical questions: about the real
    nature and purpose of this world, about the nature or existence, even, of God;
    about man''s freedom, by his own efforts, to alter his circumstances - or lack
    of this freedom. In order to address these arguments, Greene depicts characters
    who are not at all complex, but who hold, profoundly in the case of Pinkie, radically
    differing views on these matters. Back to top Dallow, like Ida, sees only the
    immediate material world before him, as do the punters who see Brighton''s jolly
    facade and gaiety, but not the squalor behind this. Pinkie, though, believes also
    in a world of unseen but eternal spiritual realities. Initially, he believes these
    to await him after death, and he aspires to better his status in this world; but
    he comes, gradually, to see what Prewitt, his bent lawyer, articulates'
  - 'How many Presidents have resigned from office? | Reference.com How many Presidents
    have resigned from office? A: Quick Answer As of 2014, there has been only one
    president to resign from office. That president was Richard Nixon on Aug. 9, 1974.
    Minutes after his resignation, Vice President Gerald R. Ford was sworn into office
    as the 37th president of the United States. Full Answer Nixon''s resignation can
    be largely attributed to the clandestine and illegal activities his administration
    undertook during his presidency. The activities were brought to light when members
    of his administration were caught breaking into the Democratic headquarters at
    the Watergate Hotel. This scandal, named the Watergate scandal, resulted in the
    loss of almost all of his political support and the near-certainty of his impeachment.
    As a result, Nixon took to radio and television and announced his resignation.'
  - 'Época 64/65 - Taça de Portugal: F.C.Porto - Benfica (1-1) - YouTube Época 64/65
    - Taça de Portugal: F.C.Porto - Benfica (1-1) Want to watch this again later?
    Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to
    report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded.
    Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is
    not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 30, 2016 16
    avos-de-final (2ª Mão) When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically
    play next. Up next New 26:59 Dragão com História: Aloísio - Duration: 18:18. Os
    Filhos do Dragão 209 views 18:18 Futebol Clube do Porto - [ Alegria ] - Duration:
    4:37. sarafi00 82,911 views 4:37 Portugal | Lisbon Street Dancing! - Duration:
    2:33. GUN1T123 4,566 views 2:33 Atletiekploeg naar Portugal voor oefenkamp - Duration:
    1:33. ANP Video 28 views 1:33 Preconceito em Portugal #MorandoFORAdoBRASIL #veda
    02 @blog da quel - Duration: 10:39. Blog da Quel - Raquel Carboni 2,128 views
    10:39'
- source_sentence: Anglophobia is the fear of which country and its people?
  sentences:
  - '1870 - Famous Birthdays - On This Day On This Day Famous People Born in 1870
    Full Calendar Jan 3 Henry Eichheim, composer Jan 3 Henry Handel Richardson, Australia,
    novelist (Richard Mahoney) Jan 4 Percy Pitt, English composer (BBC), born in London
    (d. 1932) Jan 6 Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1944) Jan 7 Lord Gordon
    Hewart, British judge (d. 1943) Jan 8 Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja, dictator
    of Spain (1923-30) Jan 9 Joseph B Strauss, civil engineer/builder (Golden Gate
    Bridge) Jan 11 Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945) Jan 13 Henryk
    Opienski, Polish composer/conductor (St Moniuszko) Jan 13 Ross Granville Harrison,
    American biologist (d. 1959) Jan 14 Sir George Pearce, Australian politician (d.
    1952) Jan 15 Johan Peter Koch, Danish officer/explorer (Greenland) Jan 15 Pierre
    S. du Pont, American businessman (d. 1954) Jan 16 Wilhelm Normann, German chemist
    (hardening of oils) Jan 18 Berend Modderman, printer (Drukkers yearbook) Jan 20
    Guillaume Jean Joseph Nicolas Lekeu, composer Jan 22 Charles Arnold Tournemire,
    composer Feb 3 Ada Negri, Italian poet/author (Il Libro di Mara) Feb 7 Alfred
    Adler, Austria, psychiatrist (Inferiority Complex) Feb 10 Fritz Klimsch, German
    sculptor/painter Feb 12 Marie Lloyd, English music-hall performer (d. 1922) Feb
    13 Leopold Godowsky, Lithuania, virtuoso pianist/composer Feb 17 Louis de Raet,
    Belgian economist/founder (Flemish People''s Party) Feb 18 William Laurel Harris,
    American mural painter, writer (d. 1924) Feb 20 Pieter Cornelis Boutens, Holland,
    mystic poet/scholar (Verzen) Feb 27 Louis Coerne, composer Mar 4 Thomas Sturge
    Moore, English poet (d. 1944) Mar 5 Frank Norris, journalist and writer (McTeague,
    Octopus), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1902) Mar 6 Oscar Straus, composer (Ein
    Walzertraum), born in Vienna, Austria Mar 10 Alfred Kastner, composer Mar 11 Louis
    Bachelier, French mathematician (d. 1946) Mar 13 Albert Meyer, member of the Swiss
    Federal Council in the 1930s (d. 1953) Mar 17 Horace Donisthorpe, British entomologist
    (d. 1951) Mar 20 Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, Prussian general/politician (East Africa)
    Apr 4 George A Smith, Salt Lake City Utah, 8th President of Mormon church Apr
    7 Joseph Ryeland, Belgian composer/Baron Apr 14 Syd Gregory, cricketer (Australian
    batsman in 58 Tests 1890-1912) Apr 14 Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter
    (d. 1905) Apr 17 Ray Stannard Baker, US, journalist (Puliter Prize 1940) Apr 20
    Simeon Roncal, composer Apr 20 Maulvi Abdul Haq, Father of Urdu, Pakistani scholar
    (d. 1961) Apr 21 Edwin S. Porter, American film pioneer (d. 1941) Person of Interest
    Apr 22 Vladimir Lenin [Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov], Marxist Revolutionary and Soviet
    Leader, born in Simbirsk, Russia (d. 1924) Marxist Revolutionary and Soviet Leader
    Apr 28 Hermann Suter, composer Apr 30 Franz Lehar, operetta composer (Naughty
    Marietta) May 3 Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1948) May 4
    Alexandre Benois, Russian artist (d. 1960) May 6 Amedos Peter Giannine, founded
    Bank of America, born in San Jose, California May 6 John McCutcheon, cartoonist
    (Pulitzer Prize-1931) May 14 Zygmunt Denis Antoni Stojowski, composer May 19 Albert
    Fish, American serial killer (d. 1936) May 24 Benjamin Cardozo, American jurist
    (d. 1938) May 24 Jan Christiaan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa and proponent
    of Commonwealth & League of Nations (d. 1950) May 27 Lionel Palairet, cricketer
    (elegant England bat in the Golden Age) Jun 13 Jules JBV Bordet, Belgian bacteriologist
    (syphillis, Nobel 1919) Jun 14 Sophia of Prussia, consort of Constantine I of
    Greece (d. 1932) Jun 17 George Cormack, cereal inventor (Wheaties) Jun 18 Edouard
    Le Roy, French philosopher and mathematician Jun 21 Clara Immerwahr, German chemist
    (d. 1915) Jun 24 Horatio Mbelle, Cape Colony, South African interpreter, community
    leader and politician Jun 29 Joseph Carl Breil, composer Person of Interest Jul
    3 Richard Bedford Bennett , 11th Prime Minister of Canada (C: 1930-35), born in
    Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick (d. 1947) 11th Prime Minister of Canada Jul 4 Pieter
    van der Lijn, Dutch geolo'
  - 'Anglophobia - definition of Anglophobia by The Free Dictionary Anglophobia -
    definition of Anglophobia by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Anglophobia
    Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Related to Anglophobia: Anglophobic One
    who dislikes or fears England, its people, or its culture. An′glo·pho′bi·a n.
    An′glo·pho′bic adj. Anglophobia Anglophobia - dislike (or fear) of Britain and
    British customs dislike - a feeling of aversion or antipathy; "my dislike of him
    was instinctive" Anglophilia - admiration for Britain and British customs Translations
    Anglophobia n → Anglophobie f (form), → Englandhass m Want to thank TFD for its
    existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster''s
    page for free fun content . Link to this page: England References in classic literature
    ? Well, then, you shall have plenty of it; and first, I see you''ve not much more
    sense than some others of my acquaintance"(indicating me with his thumb), "or
    else you''d never turn rabid about that dirty little country called England; for
    rabid, I see you are; I read Anglophobia in your looks, and hear it in your words.
    View in context He begins with a discussion of Hegel''s reform-bill article claiming
    that, contrary to the traditional view, it was not a sour mix of anglophobia and
    Prussian chauvinism but a shrewd analysis of the political situation as of mid-1831
    which correctly identified the structural weaknesses of the existing British state,
    most notably its dominance by a corrupt and incompetent aristocracy, and pointed
    the direction that politics must take if the nation was to avoid revolution. As
    Britain''s elections near, voters are facing a wall of falsehoods Anglophobia
    ruled for a decade until former Education Minister Leighton Andrews invited in
    Tony Blair''s Sir Michael Barber. End the debate and just get on with the teaching;
    The groundswell of support for the Welsh Government''s review of curriculum arrangements
    are supposed to bode well for the future. But in a hard-hitting column, education
    expert Terry Mackie argues otherwise A Call to Arms: Propaganda, Public Opinion,
    and Newspapers in the Great War (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004); Matthew Stibbe,
    German Anglophobia and the Great War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001);
    David Welch, Germany, Propaganda and Total War, 1914-1918: The Sins of Omission
    (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2000). Mencken''s nietzsche Multicultural
    Nationalism: Islamaphobia, Anglophobia, and Devolution. Ghanaian and Somali immigrants
    in Toronto''s rental market: a comparative cultural perspective of housing issues
    and coping strategies 25) Crawford told Stonehaven that the American actions at
    Geneva would undoubtedly cause a wave of Anglophobia to arise in the United States
    due to a number of things. Imperial networks, imperial defence, and perceptions
    of American influence on the British Empire in the interwar period: the case of
    the 27th Earl of Crawford and Balcarres For one, he had none of the French Anglophobia
    stimulated by events like Mers-el-Kebir (the battle in 1940 off the coast of French
    Algeria when the British Navy attacked and destroyed much of the French fleet),
    which soldiers like Colonel Serge-Henri Parisot never got over even up to his
    death last February at age 100.'
  - 'Menstruation and the menstrual cycle | womenshealth.gov Menstruation and the
    menstrual cycle Menstruation and the menstrual cycle To receive Publications email
    updates Enter email Submit Menstruation and the menstrual cycle Menstruation is
    a woman''s monthly bleeding. When you menstruate, your body sheds the lining of
    the uterus (womb). Learn how the menstrual cycle works and what to do if you have
    painful or irregular periods. Expand all Collapse all What is menstruation? Menstruation
    (men-STRAY-shuhn) is a woman''s monthly bleeding. When you menstruate, your body
    sheds the lining of the uterus (womb). Menstrual blood flows from the uterus through
    the small opening in the cervix and passes out of the body through the vagina
    ( see how the menstrual cycle works below ). Most menstrual periods last from
    3 to 5 days. What is the menstrual cycle? When periods (menstruations) come regularly,
    this is called the menstrual cycle. Having regular menstrual cycles is a sign
    that important parts of your body are working normally. The menstrual cycle provides
    important body chemicals, called hormones, to keep you healthy. It also prepares
    your body for pregnancy each month. A cycle is counted from the first day of 1
    period to the first day of the next period. The average menstrual cycle is 28
    days long. Cycles can range anywhere from 21 to 35 days in adults and from 21
    to 45 days in young teens. The rise and fall of levels of hormones during the
    month control the menstrual cycle. What happens during the menstrual cycle? In
    the first half of the cycle, levels of estrogen (the "female hormone") start to
    rise. Estrogen plays an important role in keeping you healthy, especially by helping
    you to build strong bones and to help keep them strong as you get older. Estrogen
    also makes the lining of the uterus (womb) grow and thicken. This lining of the
    womb is a place that will nourish the embryo if a pregnancy occurs. At the same
    time the lining of the womb is growing, an egg, or ovum, in one of the ovaries
    starts to mature. At about day 14 of an average 28-day cycle, the egg leaves the
    ovary. This is called ovulation. After the egg has left the ovary, it travels
    through the fallopian tube to the uterus. Hormone levels rise and help prepare
    the uterine lining for pregnancy. A woman is most likely to get pregnant during
    the 3 days before or on the day of ovulation. Keep in mind, women with cycles
    that are shorter or longer than average may ovulate before or after day 14. A
    woman becomes pregnant if the egg is fertilized by a man''s sperm cell and attaches
    to the uterine wall. If the egg is not fertilized, it will break apart. Then,
    hormone levels drop, and the thickened lining of the uterus is shed during the
    menstrual period. See how the menstrual cycle works. What is a typical menstrual
    period like? During your period, you shed the thickened uterine lining and extra
    blood through the vagina. Your period may not be the same every month. It may
    also be different than other women''s periods. Periods can be light, moderate,
    or heavy in terms of how much blood comes out of the vagina. This is called menstrual
    flow. The length of the period also varies. Most periods last from 3 to 5 days.
    But, anywhere from 2 to 7 days is normal. For the first few years after menstruation
    begins, longer cycles are common. A woman''s cycle tends to shorten and become
    more regular with age. Most of the time, periods will be in the range of 21 to
    35 days apart. What kinds of problems do women have with their periods? Women
    can have a range of problems with their periods, including pain, heavy bleeding,
    and skipped periods. Amenorrhea (ay-men-uh-REE-uh) — the lack of a menstrual period.
    This term is used to describe the absence of a period in: Young women who haven''t
    started menstruating by age 15 Women and girls who haven''t had a period for 90
    days, even if they haven''t been menstruating for long Causes can include: Stress
    Serious medical conditions in need of treatment As above, when your menstrual
    cycles come regularly, this means that important parts of your body are'
- source_sentence: Which footballer won the Golden Boot for scoring the most goals
    at 1986 World Cup Finals?
  sentences:
  - World Cup Golden Boot Winners - Historical World Cup Top Scorers Argentina 5 One
    of the most active markets for any World Cup is the Golden Boot with a number
    of players vying for an award which is presented to the highest goal scorer in
    the tournament. Over the years, there have been some incredible goal scoring feats
    at World Cup finals but who are the individuals that have made their mark in previous
    tournaments and what indicators can they give those of us who are making predictions
    for 2014? The Record Breaker France’s Just Fontaine holds the record for the most
    goals in a single World Cup tournament and it’s one that may never be broken.
    In current World Cup competitions, the most successful teams could play as many
    as seven games but could any of the current players match the 13 strikes that
    Fontaine achieved in Sweden in 1958? The striker was prolific in club football
    and averaged nearly a goal a game during his eight years with Stade Reims. His
    ratio at international level was even better and his performances at the 1958
    finals would leave Fontaine with a record of 30 goals from 23 appearances. It’s
    claimed that he was playing in a pair of borrowed boots when he began his campaign
    with a hat trick in a 7-3 defeat of Uruguay. The Frenchman followed that achievement
    with a brace against Yugoslavia and a single, winning goal against the Scots which
    allowed his country to progress to the next phase. Three goals followed over two
    matches against Northern Ireland and Brazil before Fontaine netted no less than
    four times in the third place play off against West Germany. Behind this incredible
    achievement, Sandor Kocsis managed eleven strikes in the finals of 1954 but since
    Gerd Muller’s 10 in 1970, no player has managed more than eight in a single tournament.
    The Prolific Nations Aside from Just Fontaine’s magnificent 13 back in 1958, no
    Frenchman has taken the Golden Boot award. In fact, after the Stade Reims centre
    forward, there is a considerable gap in the country’s all time list. The finals
    in Sweden were the only time that Fontaine appeared in a tournament so he finished
    seven clear of Thierry Henry who scored six goals – three in 1998 and three in
    2002. Other countries have been more prolific over a longer span and they tend
    to be the more successful nations in terms of World Cup victories. Brazil are
    well represented when it comes to the tournament’s leading goal scorers and out
    of eighteen finals, five Brazilians have either shared the Golden Boot or won
    it outright. The most successful of these was Ronaldo who currently holds the
    overall record for goals scored at the World Cup finals. The former Real Madrid
    target man has 15 strikes, spread over three tournaments, including a top scoring
    effort of eight as his country lifted the trophy in 2002. Behind Ronaldo, the
    legendary Pele has 12 goals in four tournaments although the man who many believe
    was the greatest to ever play the game, never actually won a Golden Boot. Germany
    also feature heavily in the list of all time leading scorers and Miroslav Klose
    has a chance of eclipsing Ronaldo’s record at the 2014 tournament. Along with
    the great Gerd Muller , the Lazio centre forward has 14 goals in World Cup finals
    and is set to be Germany’s first choice front man in Brazil. In total, German
    or West German players have finished as top scorer in three tournaments. Gerd
    Muller recorded an impressive ten goals in 1970 before Klose took an outright
    win in 2006. Thomas Muller completes the trio although the Bayern Munich man shared
    the award in 2010 with David Villa and Wesley Sneijder. An unlikely hero After
    West Germany’s Gerd Muller took the prestigious Golden Boot in 1970, he joined
    up with the national squad as they looked to win the World Cup on home soil four
    years later. The host nation duly completed a win after edging past the Netherlands
    by two goals to one in the final and while the man they called ‘Der Bomber’ scored
    four times, the top scorer accolade finished in the hands of an unlikely recipient.
    Poland’s Grzegorz Lato featured in three FIFA World Cup
  - 'Philip IV Philip IV Location of death: Madrid, Spain Cause of death: unspecified
    Nationality: Spain Executive summary: King of Spain, 1621-65 Philip IV, King of
    Spain, eldest son of Philip III and his wife Margaret, sister of the emperor Ferdinand
    II, was born at Valladolid on the 8th of April 1605. His reign, after a few passing
    years of barren successes, was a long story of political and military decay and
    disaster. The king has been held responsible for the fall of Spain, which was,
    however, due in the main to internal causes beyond the control of the most despotic
    ruler, however capable he had been. Philip certainly possessed more energy, both
    mental and physical, than his father. There is still in existence a translation
    of Guicciardini which he wrote with his own hand in order to qualify himself for
    government by acquiring a knowledge of political history. He was a fine horseman
    and keen hunter. His artistic taste was shown by his patronage of Diego Vel�zquez
    , and his love of letters by his favor to Lope de Vega , Calder�n , and other
    dramatists. He is even credited, on fairly probable testimony, with a share at
    least in the composition of several comedies. His good intentions were of no avail
    to his government. Coming to the throne at the age of sixteen, he did the wisest
    thing he could by allowing himself to be guided by the most capable man he could
    find. His favorite, Olivares, was a far more honest man than the Duke of Lerma,
    and was more fit for the place of prime minister than any Spaniard of the time.
    But Philip IV had not the strength of mind to free himself from the influence
    of Olivares when he had grown to manhood. The amusements which the favorite had
    encouraged became the business of the king''s life. When, in 1643, the disasters
    falling on the monarchy on all sides led to the dismissal of Olivares, Philip
    had lost the power to devote himself to hard work. After a brief struggle with
    the task of directing the administration of the most extensive and the worst organized
    monarchy in Europe, he sank back into his pleasures and was governed by other
    favorites. His political opinions were those he had inherited from his father
    and grandfather. He thought it his duty to support the German Habsburgs and the
    cause of the Roman Catholic Church against the Protestants, to assert his sovereignty
    over Holland, and to extend the dominions of his house. The utter exhaustion of
    his people in the course of a hopeless struggle with Holland, France and England
    was seen by him with sympathy, but he considered it an unavoidable misfortune
    and not the result of his own errors, since he could not be expected to renounce
    his rights or to desert the cause of God and the Church. In public he maintained
    a bearing of rigid solemnity, and was seen to laugh only three times in the course
    of his life. But in private he indulged in horseplay and very coarse immorality.
    His court was grossly vicious. The early death of his eldest son, Baltasar Carlos,
    was unquestionably due to debauchery encouraged by the gentlemen entrusted by
    the king with his education. The lesson shocked the king, but its effect soon
    wore off. Philip IV died broken-hearted on the 17th of September 1665, expressing
    the hope that his surviving son, Carlos, would be more fortunate than himself.
    Father: Philip III (King of Spain) Mother: Margaret Sister: Anne of Austria (Queen
    of France, b. 1601, d. 1666) Brother: Ferdinand (Governor of the Netherlands)
    Wife: Elizabeth Bourbon (b. 1603, m. 1615, d. 1644) Daughter: Maria Margarita
    (b. 1621) Daughter: Margarita Maria Catalina (b. 1623) Daughter: Maria Eugenia
    (b. 1625, d. 1627) Daughter: Isabel Maria Teresa (b. 1627) Son: Baltasar Carlos
    (b. 1629, d. 1646) Daughter: Maria Ana Antonia (b. 1636) Daughter: Maria Theresa
    of Spain (b. 1638, d. 1683)'
  - Olympic Games | Ice Hockey Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Medalists Ice hockey
    tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament
    was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to
    the Winter Olympic Games programme in 1924. The women's tournament was first held
    at the 1998 Winter Olympics . The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur
    athletes until 1988, and the National Hockey League (NHL) did not allow its players
    to compete until 1998. From 1924 to 1988, the tournament started with a round-robin
    series of games and ended with the medal round. Medals were awarded based on points
    accumulated during that round. The games of the tournament follow the rules of
    the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), which differ slightly from the
    rules used in the NHL . The tournament follows the  World Anti-Doping Agency's
    (WADA) rules on Use of performance enhancing drugs and the IIHF maintains a Registered
    Testing Pool, a list of top players who are subjected to random in-competition
    and out-of-competition drug tests. Several players have tested positive for banned
    substances since the 1972 Winter Olympics . In the men's tournament, Canada was
    the most successful team of the first three decades, winning six of seven gold
    medals. Czechoslovakia , Sweden and the United States were also competitive during
    this period and won multiple medals. Between 1920 and 1968, the Olympic hockey
    tournament was also counted as the Ice Hockey World Championship for that year.
    The Soviet Union first participated in 1956 and overtook Canada as the dominant
    international team, winning seven of the nine tournaments in which they participated.
    The United States won gold medals in 1960 and in 1980 , which included their "
    Miracle on Ice " upset of the Soviet Union. Canada went 50 years without a gold
    medal, before winning one in 2002 , and following it up with another in 2010 .
    Other nations to win gold include Great Britain in 1936 , the Unified Team in
    1992 , Sweden in 1994 and 2006 and the Czech Republic]] in 1998 . Other medal-winning
    nations include Switzerland,Germany,Finland and Russia]]. In 1986, the International
    Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to allow all athletes to compete in Olympic Games
    held after 1988. The NHL was initially reluctant to allow its players to compete
    because the Olympics are held in the middle of the NHL season, and the league
    would have to halt play if many of its players participated. However, NHL players
    were allowed to compete starting in 1998. The format of the tournament was adjusted
    to accommodate the NHL schedule; a preliminary round was played without NHL players
    or the top six teams—Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the
    United States—followed by a final round which included them. The tournament format
    was changed again in 2006; every team played five preliminary games with the full
    use of NHL players. In July 1992, the IOC voted to approve women's hockey as an
    Olympic event; it was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. The Nagano
    Organizing Committee was hesitant to include the event because of the additional
    costs of staging the tournament, but an agreement was reached that limited the
    field to six teams, and ensured that no additional facilities would be built.
    The Canadian and American teams have dominated the event, typically losing only
    to each other. The United States won the first tournament in 1998, while Canada
    won in 2002, 2006 and 2010. Contents Edit The first Olympic ice hockey tournament
    took place at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp , Belgium . [1] At the time,
    organised international ice hockey was still relatively new. [2] The International
    Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the sport's governing body, was created on May 15,
    1908, under the name Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace. [3] At the 1914
    Olympic Congress in Paris, ice hockey was added to the list of optional sports
    that Olympics organisers could include. [4] The decision to include ice hockey
    for the 1920 Summer Olympics wa
- source_sentence: The Azores island group is administered by which country?
  sentences:
  - 'Tiddlywinks: The Classic Victorian Pastime: On Target for the 21st Century (1996)
    You are at: Home » History »Tiddlywinks: The Classic Victorian Pastime: On Target
    for the 21st Century (1996) Tiddlywinks: The Classic Victorian Pastime: On Target
    for the 21st Century (1996) This article was originally published in the American
    Game Collectors Association ‘s Game Researchers’ Notes, ISSN 1050-6608, October
    1996, with illustrations and content on the cover, on pages 5552 to 5561, and
    also on the back cover. In the web version of this article, additional images
    have been incorporated that did not appear in the original publication.  Also
    please note that the AGCA is now known as the Association of Game & Puzzle Collectors
    . A substantial majority of the information provided in the original 1996 article
    remains accurate to this day.  However, quite a bit more background information
    has been gathered since.  An update is warranted, and is in the works. This article
    was originally posted on the Internet on 3 May 1997,  was updated on 2 April 1999,
    and then with updated images and links on 9 and 15 September 2006, plus a few
    more minor updates on 24 November 2006, and also on 13 July 2014. By Rick Tucker
    © 1996 Richard W. Tucker. All Rights Reserved “One should make a serious study
    of a pastime”—Alexander the Great [ 1 ] Table of Contents References The Preface
    I’ve played tiddlywinks for 24 years, ever since I ventured into a dormitory at
    MIT on my first day as a freshman and encountered (no pun intended) the local
    denizens on their hands and knees shooting winks across the carpet and down the
    stairs. (It really isn’t normally played on the floor, actually.) I was captivated
    at the congruence (technical term, sorry) of the ivory towers of MIT housing the
    noble sport of tiddlywinks, and amazed that MIT might, perhaps inadvertantly (but
    not always), lend credence to a sport enmired in such a mischievous stereotype.
    Tiddlywinks appealed to me because of its unique character, because it is almost
    universally known, and because it demands precise dexterous skills, while also
    requiring strategy and tactics, and also a measure of luck. And so, what follows
    is the first definitive history of tiddlywinks boxed games. There is a history
    in all men’s lives.[ 2 ] I invite and expect to hear from game collectors and
    historians to help me add to, revise, and where necessary, fix errors in this
    history. I also invite you to visit my tiddlywinks web pages at http://www.tiddlywinks.org
    , where this article will appear subsequent to its publication in Games Researchers’
    Notes, with all the photos in living color. — Rick Tucker, 31 October 1996 Setting
    the Stage: The Oft-Ridiculed Game “Have we sold our precious heritage in exchange
    for frivolity and a game of tiddlywinks?”, letter by Lillie Struble in Library
    Journal[ 3 ]. This was the most unkindest cut of all.[ 4 ] “A 15th-century Donatello
    bronze, The Madonna and Child, served the Fitzwilliam family as a tiddlywinks
    bowl until the Victoria and Albert Museum [London] recognized its importance”,
    ARTnews[ 5 ]. “Even in the matter of nursery games the Victorian child took things
    very seriously. There were some board games, however, which provided little or
    no intellectual stimulus. Chief among these was […] tiddlywinks, whose apparent
    inanity (to the uninitiated) is often regarded as the ultimate in useless activities.”,
    James Mackay [ 6 ]. Prince Philip once suggested that tiddlywinks be included
    in the Olympics. To which Ian Wooldridge of the Olympic Committee responded: “At
    the risk of propagating royal support for tiddlywinks, a game of the utmost tedium
    played by anti-athletes too tired or apathetic to get up off the floor, I have
    to concede that his argument makes sense.”, British Airways magazine.[ 7 ] “The
    research described in this chapter concerns a well-known children’s pastime, the
    game of tiddlywinks, where the idea is to take one counter and press it on the
    edge of another, to make the latter jump. Because this is extremely simple, the
    research centered less on cognizance of the mov'
  - Football - Summer Olympic Sport Football Singapore 2010 adopts new sport formats
    12 Aug 2010 Football has its roots in ancient China, while the modern version
    of the game began on the streets of medieval England before evolving into the
    most popular sport in the world. Medieval origins Modern football has its origins
    in the streets of medieval England. Neighbouring towns would play each other in
    games where a heaving mass of players would struggle to drag a pig’s bladder by
    any means possible to markers at either end of town. A royal ban Football became
    so violent in England it was banned by the king for more than 300 years. English
    public schools are credited with subsequently establishing the modern football
    codes, thus turning the mob riot into a sport in the 16th century. Olympic history
    Football first appeared on the programme of the Games of the II Olympiad, Paris
    1900. It has been on the programme of each edition of the Games ever since, with
    the exception of Los Angeles 1932. Europe dominated the competition until after
    1992 in Barcelona, where Spain became the last European team to win a gold medal.
    Since the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, African and South American teams have
    won all the gold medals. Also in 1996, women’s football was introduced into the
    Olympic programme. Three times, the USA has been on the highest step of the podium
    - in 1996, in 2004 in Athens and in 2008 in Beijing. But this team was beaten
    by the Norwegians in the final of the 2000 Games in Sydney.
  - 'The Azores Islands - Portugal | Portugal.com Porto and the North Azores Consisting
    of nine islands, the Azores  are divided into three groups: the eastern ( Sao
    Miguel and Santa Maria islands), the central ( Terceira , Graciosa , Sao Jorge
    ,  Pico and Faial islands), and the western ( Flores and Corvo  islands). Apart
    from international airports of Santa Maria, Ponta Delgada and Angra do Heroismo,
    there are flights to the islands (operated by the regional airline TAP Air Portugal)
    and ferry boats between the islands. Even the blase visitor will be touched by
    the sapphire blue and emerald green lakes, fertile prairies, volcanic cones and
    craters, colorful hydrangeas and azaleas, 15th century churches, and majestic
    manor houses. This legendary land, consisting of nine poetically-named islands,
    enjoys year-round mild temperatures (between 14°C and 22°C–57°F and 71°F) and
    is a peaceful shelter with a population of 250000 inhabitants, for whom the words
    “stress” and “pollution” are unheard. There are many stories to tell of the archipelago’s
    beauty, of fishermen or shepherds, but among them there is one which was told
    by a holidaymaker. As a foreign couple was silently looking at the Caldeira das
    Sete Cidades when they were interrupted by their six-year-old son, who asked them:
    “Is this God’s home?” Sao Miguel Island The largest of all. In Ponta Delgada,
    the capital, the famous 18th century portals open up to a number of monuments
    that are worth visiting, most of them built between the 16th and the 18th century:
    Carlos Machado Museum and churches of Sao Sebastiao, Sao Pedro, Sao Jose, Colegio
    and Nossa Senhora da Conceicao; convent and chapel of Nossa Senhora da Esperanca
    and Santa Ana Chapel. Palaces: Fonte Bela and Santa Ana; Conceicao and Santa Catarina;
    Casa de Carlos Bicudo and the Pacos do Concelho. Other places to visit: Caldeira
    das Sete Cidades (green and blue lakes); Lagoa do Fogo; Ribeira Grande; Vale das
    Furnas (spas and hot mineral pools) and Vila Franca do Campo.  Terceira Island
    The historic centre of its capital, Angra do Heroismo, has been classified in
    UNESCO’s International Heritage list. Special reference to the forts of Sao Sebastiao
    and Sao Joao Baptista (16th-17th-centuries); the palaces of the Bettencourts (Baroque)
    and of the Capitaes-Generais; the Cathedral, with its silver altar front and treasure;
    the churches of Colegio dos Jesuitas, Sao Goncalo and Nossa Senhora da Conceicao
    (17th-century); the churches of Misericordia and Nossa Senhora da Guia (18th-century,
    the latter encloses the Angra Museum). Other points of interest: Praia da Vitoria,
    Santa Barbara, Sao Sebastiao and Vila Nova. Graciosa Island In Santa Cruz da Graciosa
    you will find ancient streets and manor-houses, a beautiful mother-church (16th-18th
    centuries), Santo Cristo Church (16th century), Cruz da Barra (Manueline) and
    Ethnographic House. In the Furna do Enxofre, dazzling sights and a vaulted cave
    over an underground lake (between 11am and 2pm the sunlight filters in). You must
    also visit Guadalupe and its Baroque church, Luz and Praia (typical windmills).
    Faial Island In Horta, a famous yacht harbor, look at the beautiful tiles and
    gilded carvings in the 17th and 18th century churches of Sao Salvador, Nossa Senhora
    do Carmo and Sao Francisco. To visit: Sacred Art Museum, Nossa Senhora das Angústias
    Church, Nossa Senhora do Pilar Chapel, Imperio dos Nobres and Porto Pim fortifications,
    Caldeira Natural Reserve, Capelinhos, grottoes and caves in Costa da Feteira and
    Monte da Guia belvedere. Pico Island Owes its name to the 7713 ft high volcanic
    cone. Special reference to Sao Roque do Pico, with its 18th century churches of
    Sao Roque and Sao Pedro de Alcântara; Lajes do Pico, with its Whale Museum; Madalena,
    with its Wine Museum and 17th-century church, and Areia Larga, with beautiful
    winery manor houses. Other places: Calheta de Nesquim, Candelaria, Criacao Velha,
    Piedade (forest preserve), Prainha do Norte, Santa Luzia, Santo Amaro, Sao Caetano,
    Sao Joao and Sao Mateus. Sao Jorge Island Velas, with its fishing port, is the
    main to'
model-index:
- name: bge base trained on trivia anchor-positive
  results:
  - task:
      type: information-retrieval
      name: Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: trivia anchor positive dev
      type: trivia-anchor-positive-dev
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy@1
      value: 0.672
      name: Cosine Accuracy@1
    - type: cosine_accuracy@3
      value: 0.842
      name: Cosine Accuracy@3
    - type: cosine_accuracy@5
      value: 0.877
      name: Cosine Accuracy@5
    - type: cosine_accuracy@10
      value: 0.914
      name: Cosine Accuracy@10
    - type: cosine_precision@1
      value: 0.672
      name: Cosine Precision@1
    - type: cosine_precision@3
      value: 0.2806666666666666
      name: Cosine Precision@3
    - type: cosine_precision@5
      value: 0.1754
      name: Cosine Precision@5
    - type: cosine_precision@10
      value: 0.09140000000000001
      name: Cosine Precision@10
    - type: cosine_recall@1
      value: 0.672
      name: Cosine Recall@1
    - type: cosine_recall@3
      value: 0.842
      name: Cosine Recall@3
    - type: cosine_recall@5
      value: 0.877
      name: Cosine Recall@5
    - type: cosine_recall@10
      value: 0.914
      name: Cosine Recall@10
    - type: cosine_ndcg@10
      value: 0.8005034750177896
      name: Cosine Ndcg@10
    - type: cosine_mrr@10
      value: 0.7633531746031744
      name: Cosine Mrr@10
    - type: cosine_map@100
      value: 0.7661893184880814
      name: Cosine Map@100
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.672
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.842
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.877
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.914
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.672
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.2806666666666666
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.1754
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.09140000000000001
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.672
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.842
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.877
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.914
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.8005034750177896
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.7633531746031744
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.7661893184880814
      name: Dot Map@100
---

# bge base trained on trivia anchor-positive

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) <!-- at revision a5beb1e3e68b9ab74eb54cfd186867f64f240e1a -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
- **Language:** en
- **License:** apache-2.0

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("SepKeyPro/bge-base-en-trivia-anchor-positive")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'The Azores island group is administered by which country?',
    'The Azores Islands - Portugal | Portugal.com Porto and the North Azores Consisting of nine islands, the Azores \xa0are divided into three groups: the eastern ( Sao Miguel and Santa\xa0Maria islands), the central ( Terceira , Graciosa , Sao Jorge ,\xa0 Pico and Faial islands), and the western ( Flores and Corvo \xa0islands). Apart from international airports of Santa Maria,\xa0Ponta Delgada and Angra do Heroismo, there are flights to the islands\xa0(operated by the regional airline TAP Air Portugal) and ferry boats\xa0between the islands. Even the blase visitor will be touched by the sapphire blue and emerald green lakes, fertile prairies, volcanic cones and craters, colorful hydrangeas and azaleas, 15th century churches, and majestic manor houses. This legendary land, consisting of nine poetically-named islands, enjoys year-round mild temperatures (between 14°C and 22°C–57°F and 71°F) and is a peaceful shelter with a population of 250000 inhabitants, for whom the words “stress” and “pollution” are unheard. There are many stories to tell of the archipelago’s beauty, of fishermen or shepherds, but among them there is one which was told by a holidaymaker. As a foreign couple was silently looking at the Caldeira das Sete Cidades when they were interrupted by their six-year-old son, who asked them: “Is this God’s home?” Sao Miguel Island The largest of all. In Ponta Delgada, the capital, the famous 18th century portals open up to a number of monuments that are worth visiting, most of them built between the 16th and the 18th century: Carlos Machado Museum and churches of Sao Sebastiao, Sao Pedro, Sao Jose, Colegio and Nossa Senhora da Conceicao; convent and chapel of Nossa Senhora da Esperanca and Santa Ana Chapel. Palaces: Fonte Bela and Santa Ana; Conceicao and Santa Catarina; Casa de Carlos Bicudo and the Pacos do Concelho. Other places to visit: Caldeira das Sete Cidades (green and blue lakes); Lagoa do Fogo; Ribeira Grande; Vale das Furnas (spas and hot mineral pools) and Vila Franca do Campo.\xa0 Terceira Island The historic centre of its capital, Angra do Heroismo, has been classified in UNESCO’s International Heritage list. Special reference to the forts of Sao Sebastiao and Sao Joao Baptista (16th-17th-centuries); the palaces of the Bettencourts (Baroque) and of the Capitaes-Generais; the Cathedral, with its silver altar front and treasure; the churches of Colegio dos Jesuitas, Sao Goncalo and Nossa Senhora da Conceicao (17th-century); the churches of Misericordia and Nossa Senhora da Guia (18th-century, the latter encloses the Angra Museum). Other points of interest: Praia da Vitoria, Santa Barbara, Sao Sebastiao and Vila Nova. Graciosa Island In Santa Cruz da Graciosa you will find ancient streets and manor-houses, a beautiful mother-church (16th-18th centuries), Santo Cristo Church (16th century), Cruz da Barra (Manueline) and Ethnographic House. In the Furna do Enxofre, dazzling sights and a vaulted cave over an underground lake (between 11am and 2pm the sunlight filters in). You must also visit Guadalupe and its Baroque church, Luz and Praia (typical windmills). Faial Island In Horta, a famous yacht harbor, look at the beautiful tiles and gilded carvings in the 17th and 18th century churches of Sao Salvador, Nossa Senhora do Carmo and Sao Francisco. To visit: Sacred Art Museum, Nossa Senhora das Angústias Church, Nossa Senhora do Pilar Chapel, Imperio dos Nobres and Porto Pim fortifications, Caldeira Natural Reserve, Capelinhos, grottoes and caves in Costa da Feteira and Monte da Guia belvedere. Pico Island Owes its name to the 7713 ft high volcanic cone. Special reference to Sao Roque do Pico, with its 18th century churches of Sao Roque and Sao Pedro de Alcântara; Lajes do Pico, with its Whale Museum; Madalena, with its Wine Museum and 17th-century church, and Areia Larga, with beautiful winery manor houses. Other places: Calheta de Nesquim, Candelaria, Criacao Velha, Piedade (forest preserve), Prainha do Norte, Santa Luzia, Santo Amaro, Sao Caetano, Sao Joao and Sao Mateus. Sao Jorge Island Velas, with its fishing port, is the main to',
    'Football - Summer Olympic Sport Football Singapore 2010 adopts new sport formats 12 Aug 2010 Football has its roots in ancient China, while the modern version of the game began on the streets of medieval England before evolving into the most popular sport in the world. Medieval origins Modern football has its origins in the streets of medieval England. Neighbouring towns would play each other in games where a heaving mass of players would struggle to drag a pig’s bladder by any means possible to markers at either end of town. A royal ban Football became so violent in England it was banned by the king for more than 300 years. English public schools are credited with subsequently establishing the modern football codes, thus turning the mob riot into a sport in the 16th century. Olympic history Football first appeared on the programme of the Games of the II Olympiad, Paris 1900. It has been on the programme of each edition of the Games ever since, with the exception of Los Angeles 1932. Europe dominated the competition until after 1992 in Barcelona, where Spain became the last European team to win a gold medal. Since the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, African and South American teams have won all the gold medals. Also in 1996, women’s football was introduced into the Olympic programme. Three times, the USA has been on the highest step of the podium - in 1996, in 2004 in Athens and in 2008 in Beijing. But this team was beaten by the Norwegians in the final of the 2000 Games in Sydney.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
-->

## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Information Retrieval
* Dataset: `trivia-anchor-positive-dev`
* Evaluated with [<code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator)

| Metric              | Value      |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy@1   | 0.672      |
| cosine_accuracy@3   | 0.842      |
| cosine_accuracy@5   | 0.877      |
| cosine_accuracy@10  | 0.914      |
| cosine_precision@1  | 0.672      |
| cosine_precision@3  | 0.2807     |
| cosine_precision@5  | 0.1754     |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.0914     |
| cosine_recall@1     | 0.672      |
| cosine_recall@3     | 0.842      |
| cosine_recall@5     | 0.877      |
| cosine_recall@10    | 0.914      |
| cosine_ndcg@10      | 0.8005     |
| cosine_mrr@10       | 0.7634     |
| **cosine_map@100**  | **0.7662** |
| dot_accuracy@1      | 0.672      |
| dot_accuracy@3      | 0.842      |
| dot_accuracy@5      | 0.877      |
| dot_accuracy@10     | 0.914      |
| dot_precision@1     | 0.672      |
| dot_precision@3     | 0.2807     |
| dot_precision@5     | 0.1754     |
| dot_precision@10    | 0.0914     |
| dot_recall@1        | 0.672      |
| dot_recall@3        | 0.842      |
| dot_recall@5        | 0.877      |
| dot_recall@10       | 0.914      |
| dot_ndcg@10         | 0.8005     |
| dot_mrr@10          | 0.7634     |
| dot_map@100         | 0.7662     |

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->

<!--
### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->

## Training Details

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 4
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `bf16`: True
- `tf32`: True
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 4
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: True
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch  | Step | Training Loss | loss   | trivia-anchor-positive-dev_cosine_map@100 |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:------:|:-----------------------------------------:|
| 0      | 0    | -             | -      | 0.7809                                    |
| 0.0710 | 10   | 0.1474        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.1421 | 20   | 0.1112        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.2131 | 30   | 0.0828        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.2842 | 40   | 0.0767        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.3552 | 50   | 0.0575        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.4263 | 60   | 0.0614        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.4973 | 70   | 0.0542        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.5684 | 80   | 0.0566        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.6394 | 90   | 0.068         | -      | -                                         |
| 0.7105 | 100  | 0.072         | -      | -                                         |
| 0.7815 | 110  | 0.0872        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.8526 | 120  | 0.0654        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.9236 | 130  | 0.0793        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.9947 | 140  | 0.0563        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.0710 | 10   | 0.0222        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.1421 | 20   | 0.0096        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.2131 | 30   | 0.0093        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.2842 | 40   | 0.0106        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.3552 | 50   | 0.0078        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.4263 | 60   | 0.0099        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.4973 | 70   | 0.01          | -      | -                                         |
| 0.5684 | 80   | 0.0166        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.6394 | 90   | 0.0272        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.7105 | 100  | 0.041         | -      | -                                         |
| 0.7815 | 110  | 0.0677        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.8526 | 120  | 0.0539        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.9236 | 130  | 0.074         | -      | -                                         |
| 0.9947 | 140  | 0.0484        | -      | 0.7792                                    |
| 0.0710 | 10   | 0.0028        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.1421 | 20   | 0.0026        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.2131 | 30   | 0.0021        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.2842 | 40   | 0.0075        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.3552 | 50   | 0.0021        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.4263 | 60   | 0.0026        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.4973 | 70   | 0.0028        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.5684 | 80   | 0.004         | -      | -                                         |
| 0.6394 | 90   | 0.006         | -      | -                                         |
| 0.7105 | 100  | 0.0137        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.7815 | 110  | 0.0449        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.8526 | 120  | 0.0433        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.9236 | 130  | 0.0693        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.9947 | 140  | 0.0451        | 0.0405 | 0.7751                                    |
| 0.0710 | 10   | 0.0009        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.1421 | 20   | 0.0022        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.2131 | 30   | 0.0007        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.2842 | 40   | 0.001         | -      | -                                         |
| 0.3552 | 50   | 0.0009        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.4263 | 60   | 0.0009        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.4973 | 70   | 0.0011        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.5684 | 80   | 0.0015        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.6394 | 90   | 0.0019        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.7105 | 100  | 0.0037        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.7815 | 110  | 0.0229        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.8526 | 120  | 0.0318        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.9236 | 130  | 0.0661        | -      | -                                         |
| 0.9947 | 140  | 0.0451        | -      | 0.7662                                    |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.42.1
- PyTorch: 2.3.0+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.31.0
- Datasets: 2.20.0
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, 
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

<!--
## Glossary

*Clearly define terms in order to be accessible across audiences.*
-->

<!--
## Model Card Authors

*Lists the people who create the model card, providing recognition and accountability for the detailed work that goes into its construction.*
-->

<!--
## Model Card Contact

*Provides a way for people who have updates to the Model Card, suggestions, or questions, to contact the Model Card authors.*
-->