sentence-transformers tensorboard safetensors roberta sentence-similarity feature-extraction generated_from_trainer dataset_size:1000 loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss arxiv:1908.10084 arxiv:1705.00652 base_model:sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1 base_model:finetune:sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1 model-index autotrain_compatible text-embeddings-inference endpoints_compatible region:us
---
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:1000
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: Does use of modified multiband ligator facilitate circumferential
    EMR in Barrett 's esophagus ( with video )?
  sentences:
  - To analyse the relationship between mast cells and vascularisation in pterygia
    and to determine whether mast cells play an important role in the vascularisation
    of pterygia through the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
    Fifty-two pterygia and forty-four normal conjunctiva samples were obtained. Formalin-fixed,
    paraffin wax-embedded tissues were analysed by immunohistochemistry with CD31
    and VEGF antibodies. Dual-immunofluorescence was used to see the location of mast
    cells and microvessels. To prove that mast cells have the function of secreting
    VEGF, we used dual-immunofluorescence, toluidine blue stain and immunohistochemisty
    study. Mast cells are located near the microvessels. The numbers of mast cells
    in pterygia (10.8 ± 2.7) were significantly higher compared with those in conjunctiva
    (4.7 ± 2.4, p<0.01). The numbers of microvessels in pterygia (20.7 ± 5.4) were
    also significantly higher than those in conjunctiva (9.3 ± 2.9, p<0.01). There
    was an association between mast cell count and microvessel density in pterygia
    (r=0.77, p<0.001). The cells were positive for toluidine blue staining and could
    express VEGF through a serial section stain. Dual-immunofluorescence showed that
    VEGF and mast cell tryptase (MCT) were expressed in the same cell.
  - Various techniques are available for EMR in the upper- and lower-GI tract. For
    early cancers of the esophagus, the "suck and cut" technique, which uses a transparent
    cap or variceal band ligator, is the most commonly practiced method. To facilitate
    multiple or circumferential EMR, a modified multiband variceal ligator (MBL) is
    introduced, which allows sequential banding and snare resection without the need
    to withdraw the endoscope. To study the feasibility of modified MBL device in
    facilitating circumferential EMR of Barrett's esophagus (BE) that contains high-grade
    intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) and/or intramucosal cancer (IMC). To enable band
    delivery with a snare inserted in the therapeutic endoscope, the threading channel
    of the cranking device is enlarged from 2 to 3.2 mm. The 6-shooter MBL was used.
    Ten consecutive patients (all men; median age, 62 years; range 43-82 years) with
    BE were treated. IMC and HGIN were found in 8 and 2 patients, respectively. EMR
    was performed with pure coagulating current when using a 1.5 x 2.5-cm mini hexagonal
    polypectomy snare. No submucosal saline solution injection was performed before
    resection. In 5 of 10 patients with circumferential BE of 2 to 9 cm in length
    (median, 4 cm), complete circumferential EMR was performed in 1 session by using
    3 to 18 bands (median, 6). Four patients with 3- to 10-cm (median, 4 cm) long
    segment BE required 2 to 5 sessions (median, 3) with a total of 5 to 42 bands
    (median, 12). Another patient with multifocal HGIN and/or IMC in 24 of a total
    of 49 specimens was finally recommended for surgery because of technical difficulties
    caused by mural thickening after 4 sessions. No serious procedure-related complications
    were observed, except for 2 minor bleedings, which were controlled endoscopically.
    Seven patients developed strictures after circumferential EMR. All patients except
    1 were successfully managed by weekly bougienage after a median of 5 sessions
    (range 3-11). Deep-wall tears developed in 1 patient during the fourth bougienage
    session, for which limited distal esophageal resection was performed with an uneventful
    outcome.
  - Weight gain after kidney transplantation (Tx) is considered a risk factor for
    poor outcomes. Increased oxidative stress is associated with not only chronic
    renal disease and Tx, but also obesity and cardiovascular disease. The aim of
    this pilot study was to test whether oxidative stress is related to weight gain
    at 12-months after kidney Tx and to obtain preliminary insight into potential
    mechanisms involved. Recipients (n=33) were classified into two groups; weight
    loss and weight gain, based on their weight changes at 12-months post-transplant.
    Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were measured
    to evaluate oxidative stress from plasma at baseline and 12-months. A secondary
    data analysis was conducted to identify potential gene regulation. Seventeen recipients
    lost (-6.63±5.52kg), and sixteen recipients gained weight (8.94±6.18kg). TAOC
    was significantly decreased at 12-months compared to baseline for the total group,
    however, there was no significant difference between groups at either time point.
    TBARS was higher in weight gain group, at both time points, and it was significantly
    higher at 12-months (p=0.012). Gene expression profiling analysis showed that
    7 transcripts annotated to reactive oxygen species related genes in adipose tissue
    were expressed significantly lower in weight gain group at baseline, which might
    be a negative feedback mechanism to reduce oxidative stress.
- source_sentence: Are pTEN and PDCD4 bona fide targets of microRNA-21 in human cholangiocarcinoma?
  sentences:
  - To investigate the expression profile of microRNA-21 in human cholangiocarcinoma
    tissues and to validate its bona fide targets in human cholangiocarcinoma cells.
    The expression profile of microRNA-21 in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues and
    cholangiocarcinoma cell line, QBC939, was evaluated by using real-time PCR analysis.
    The bona fide targets of microRNA-21 were analyzed and confirmed by dual luciferase
    reporter gene assay and western blot, respectively. The expressional correlation
    of microRNA-21 and its targets was probed in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues
    by using real-time PCR, locked nucleic acid in situ hybridization (LNA-ISH), and
    immunohistochemistry analysis. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that microRNA-21
    expression depicted a significant up-regulation in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues
    about 5.6-fold as compared to the matched normal bile duct tissues (P<0.05). The
    dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed endogenous microRNA-21 in cholangiocarcinoma
    cell line, QBC939, inhibited the luciferase reporter activities of wild-type PTEN
    (P<0.01) and PDCD4 (P<0.05) and had no this effect on mutated PTEN and PDCD4.
    Moreover, loss of microRNA-21 function led to a significant increase of PTEN and
    PDCD4 protein levels in QBC939 cells. Elevated microRNA-21 levels were accompanied
    by marked reductions of PTEN and PDCD4 expression in the same cholangiocarcinoma
    tissue.
  - CC chemokines mediate leukocyte infiltration into inflamed tissue. We have recently
    shown that blockade of the CC chemokine receptor CCR1 reduces interstitial inflammation
    and fibrosis in murine obstructive nephropathy. However, it is not known whether
    CCR 1 blockade is protective in progressive renal injury associated with severe
    proteinuria. We therefore studied the effect of the small-molecule CCR1 antagonist
    BX471 in a murine model of adriamycin-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
    (FSGS) with nephrotic syndrome and progressive interstitial inflammation and fibrosis.
    Adriamycin nephropathy with persistent proteinuria was induced in male BALB/c
    mice by two intravenous injections of adriamycin (13 mg/kg) at day 0 and 14. BX471
    treatment was started at day 14 when proteinuria and interstitial inflammation
    had developed. At 6 weeks, renal histology was studied by morphometry and immunohistochemistry.
    At week 6, adriamycin-treated mice showed FSGS, associated with tubulointerstitial
    injury consisting of tubular dilation and atrophy, interstitial leukocyte infiltration,
    and fibrosis. The mRNA expression of CCR1 and CC chemokines, including the CCR1
    ligands CCL3 (MIP-1alpha) and CCL5 (RANTES), was up-regulated in diseased kidneys,
    with a prominent interstitial expression of CCL5. Compared to vehicle-treated
    controls BX471 significantly reduced the amount of macrophages and T lymphocytes
    in interstitial lesions by 51% and 22%, respectively. Markers of renal fibrosis
    such as interstitial fibroblasts (48%) and interstitial volume (23%) were significantly
    reduced by BX471 treatment. In contrast, the extent of proteinuria and glomerular
    sclerosis was not affected by BX471 treatment.
  - 'Selenium is an essential mineral for immunological function, performing crucial
    functions at the cellular level. This micronutrient has been determined to be
    frequently deficient in HIV infected patients, with correlations between reduced
    immunological function and greater susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
    Our aim was to evaluate the influence of time of exposure to antiretroviral therapy
    (ART) on the biochemical profile of selenium in HIV-infected patients. We performed
    a cross-sectional study on 50 HIV-positive men with different quantitations of
    viral load and CD4+ T cells, who were either receiving or not receiving ART. Dual
    energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to determine body composition, biochemical analysis
    of selenium and albumin, anthropometric measurements were performed. The subjects
    were divided into groups according to the use of ART or not: The Control Group
    (CG) was 10 treatment-naïve volunteers, Group G < 2 was 20 volunteers on ART for
    less than 2 years, and Group G > 2 was 20 volunteers on ART for >2 years. The
    body mass index showed that all subjects were of normal weight. The group with
    a longer time of exposure to ART (G > 2) had undetectable viremia and a higher
    CD4+ T cell count: 593.1 ± 234.6 mm(3). Selenium values (μg/L) were 55.9 ± 11.9
    for CG, 52.1 ± 10.5 for G < 2, and 66.9 ± 20.8 for G > 2, with a significant difference
    between groups G < 2 and G > 2 (p < 0.05), and only G > 2 showed normal selenium
    values.'
- source_sentence: Does tLR9-Targeted STAT3 Silencing abrogate Immunosuppressive Activity
    of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells from Prostate Cancer Patients?
  sentences:
  - 'To study the blood-brain barrier integrity in prehepatic portal hypertensive
    rats induced by partial portal vein ligation,at 14 and 40 d after ligation when
    portal pressure is spontaneously normalized. Adult male Wistar rats were divided
    into four groups: Group I: Sham14d , sham operated; Group II: PH14d , portal vein
    stenosis; (both groups were used 14 d after surgery); Group III: Sham40d, Sham
    operated and Group IV: PH40d Portal vein stenosis (Groups II and IV used 40 d
    after surgery). Plasma ammonia,plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein and liver
    enzymes concentrations were determined. Trypan and Evans blue dyes, systemically
    injected,were investigated in hippocampus to study blood-brain barrier integrity.
    Portal pressure was periodically recorded. Forty days after stricture, portal
    pressure was normalized, plasma ammonia was moderately high, and both dyes were
    absent in central nervous system parenchyma. All other parameters were reestablished.
    When portal pressure was normalized and ammonia level was lowered, but not normal,
    the altered integrity of blood-brain barrier becomes reestablished.'
  - Recent advances in immunotherapy of advanced human cancers underscored the need
    to address and eliminate tumor immune evasion. The myeloid-derived suppressor
    cells (MDSC) are important inhibitors of T-cell responses in solid tumors, such
    as prostate cancers. However, targeting MDSCs proved challenging due to their
    phenotypic heterogeneity. Myeloid cell populations were evaluated using flow cytometry
    on blood samples, functional assays, and immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent
    stainings on specimens from healthy subjects, localized and metastatic castration-resistant
    prostate cancer patients. Here, we identify a population of Lin(-)CD15(HI)CD33(LO)
    granulocytic MDSCs that accumulate in patients' circulation during prostate cancer
    progression from localized to metastatic disease. The prostate cancer-associated
    MDSCs potently inhibit autologous CD8(+) T cells' proliferation and production
    of IFNγ and granzyme-B. The circulating MDSCs have high levels of activated STAT3,
    which is a central immune checkpoint regulator. The granulocytic pSTAT3(+) cells
    are also detectable in patients' prostate tissues. We previously generated an
    original strategy to silence genes specifically in Toll-like Receptor-9 (TLR9)
    positive myeloid cells using CpG-siRNA conjugates. We demonstrate that human granulocytic
    MDSCs express TLR9 and rapidly internalize naked CpG-STAT3siRNA, thereby silencing
    STAT3 expression. STAT3 blocking abrogates immunosuppressive effects of patients-derived
    MDSCs on effector CD8(+) T cells. These effects depended on reduced expression
    and enzymatic activity of Arginase-1, a downstream STAT3 target gene and a potent
    T-cell inhibitor.
  - The pH at the surface of healthy human skin is around 5. Cleansing the skin with
    soap increases the pH of the skin, which then returns to a more acidic pH within
    a few hours. However, the effects of skin cleansing with soap over a long time
    on the pH regulatory system is still unclear. We compared the pH of the skin between
    users of a soap-based cleanser and of a mild-acidic cleanser prior to and following
    the cleansing. This study had two groups of subjects, one group who had used a
    soap-based cleanser for more than 5 years and the other group who had used a mild-acidic
    cleanser for more than 5 years. The pH on the inner forearm of each subject was
    measured prior to and for 6 h after cleansing with a soap bar. There were no differences
    between the pH of the skin these two groups prior to cleansing, immediately after
    cleansing or in the pH recovery rate for 6 h.
- source_sentence: Do obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a higher
    90-day mortality risk with bilateral lung transplantation?
  sentences:
  - Obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have higher 90-day mortality
    after lung transplantation. We sought to determine whether body mass index (BMI)
    differentially modified the effect of transplant procedure type on 90-day mortality
    in IPF patients. We analyzed data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation
    Network (OPTN) for all patients with IPF who were transplanted between 2000 and
    2010. Post-transplant survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Multivariable
    logistic regression modeling was used to determine the difference in 90-day survival.
    The primary variable of interest was the interaction term between body mass index
    (BMI) and transplant type. A total of 3,389 (58% single-lung transplant [SLT]
    and 42% bilateral lung transplant [BLT]) subjects were included. Multivariable
    logistic regression modeling demonstrated a statistically significant interaction
    between BMI and transplant type (p = 0.047). Patients with a BMI > 30 kg/m(2)
    who received a BLT are 1.71 times (95% CI [1.03 to 2.85], p = 0.038) more likely
    to die within 90 days than BLT recipients with a BMI of 18.5 to 30 kg/m(2).
  - Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors reduce colon cancer risk by mechanisms that are not
    fully understood. We performed microarray analysis of adenomas from Apc(Delta14/+)
    mice to identify genes that respond to these drugs. Apc(Delta14/+) mice were given
    a single daily injection of parecoxib for up to 9 weeks; intestinal tracts of
    these and control mice were analyzed by microarray analysis, immunohistochemistry,
    in situ hybridization, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Findings
    were further assessed using Apc(lox/lox)vil-CreER(T2) mice, the CT26 cancer cell
    line, and human colon tumor samples. Microarray analysis revealed that osteopontin,
    a marker of colon cancer progression, was down-regulated in polyps from Apc(Delta14/+)
    mice given parecoxib compared with controls. Apc(Delta14/+) mice given parecoxib
    had longer survival times and reduced polyp burdens. Osteopontin was quickly down-regulated
    by parecoxib in intestinal polyps from Apc(Delta14/+) mice, and 2 components of
    the osteopontin regulatory network-the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A2 and Wnt/beta-catenin
    signaling-were sequentially repressed. NR4A2 activated the osteopontin promoter
    in CT26 cells; this effect was blocked by mutation of the NR4A2 binding response
    element, cotransfection of a dominant-negative form of NR4A2, and small inhibitory
    RNA against NR4A2. NR4A2 levels were increased throughout tumor progression in
    Apc(Delta14/+) mice but, unlike osteopontin, did not correlate with tumor stage.
    NR4A2 levels were reduced in adenomas from patients treated with rofecoxib.
  - Evidence shows involvement of the cerebral cortex in the pathophysiology of cluster
    headache (CH). Here we investigated cortical excitability in episodic CH patients
    by using transcranial magnetic stimulation. In 25 patients with episodic CH and
    13 healthy subjects we evaluated the motor cortical response to single-pulse (ie,
    motor threshold, input-output curves, cortical silent period) and paired-pulse
    (ie, intracortical facilitation, short intracortical inhibition) transcranial
    magnetic stimulation in both hemispheres. Thirteen patients were evaluated outside
    bout and the remaining 12 patients inside bout. Our results showed increased slope
    of the input-output curves after stimulation of both hemispheres in patients outside
    bout and in the hemisphere contralateral to the headache side in patients inside
    bout. Increased intracortical facilitation was observed in the hemisphere ipsilateral
    to the headache side in patients evaluated both outside and inside bout; reduced
    short intracortical inhibition was observed in patients inside bout ipsilateral
    to the side of pain. In conclusion, we provide evidence of increased cortical
    excitability in episodic CH both outside and inside bout, especially in the hemisphere
    ipsilateral to the side of headache attacks. Our results suggest that an abnormal
    regulation of cortical excitability could be involved in the pathophysiology of
    CH.
- source_sentence: Is [ Diaphragmatic response influenced by previous muscle activity
    ]?
  sentences:
  - 'The atherosclerotic process progresses more dynamically in hemodialysis (HD)
    patients than in the general population. In HD patients, lower magnesium levels
    were reported to be associated with increased atherosclerosis of the common carotid
    artery. We tested the hypotheses that magnesium supplementation helps to improve
    carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in HD patients. A total of 47 patients on
    HD were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups:
    group A (Mg group), in which patients were given magnesium citrate orally at a
    dosage of 610 mg every other day for 2 months and group B (control group), in
    which patients received only calcium acetate therapy as a phosphate binder. At
    baseline and 2 months later, all patients underwent a carotid artery ultrasound
    scan to measure carotid IMT. At the end of 2 months, mean serum calcium, phosphorus,
    and calcium x phosphorus product were not changed in both groups. As expected,
    mean serum Mg level significantly increased in the Mg group at the end of 2 months.
    In addition, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level significantly decreased in
    the Mg group at the end of 2 months (P = 0.003). Baseline carotid IMT was similar
    between the groups. Bilateral carotid IMT was significantly improved in patients
    treated with magnesium citrate compared to initial values (P = 0.001 for left,
    P = 0.002 for right).'
  - 'Recent studies have revealed aquaporins (AQPs) as targets for novel anti-tumor
    therapy since they are likely to play a role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression
    and invasion. Accordingly, we analyzed the prognostic impact of AQP3 expression
    and polymorphisms in a number of patients with early breast cancer (EBC). AQP3
    expression was investigated on the basis of the immunohistochemistry of tissue
    microarray specimens from 447 EBC patients who underwent surgery between 2003
    and 2008. We scored the staining intensity (0 through 3) and percentage of positive
    tumor cells (0 through 4); the staining score was defined as sum of these scores
    used to categorize the AQP3 expression as negative (0 through 2), weak (3 through
    5) or strong (6 or more). For AQP3 polymorphisms, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms
    (SNPs) (rs10813981, rs34391490, rs2228332, rs2227285, rs591810, rs17553719 and
    rs3860987) were selected using in silico analysis and genotyped using the Sequenom
    MassARRAY. A total of 180 (40.3%) patients were identified as AQP3-positive (staining
    score >2), including 86 (19.2%) cases of strong expression (stating score >5).
    In a univariate analysis, AQP3 expression was significantly associated with survival
    for the patients with HER2-over-expressing EBC. Moreover, a multivariate survival
    analysis revealed that AQP3 expression was an independent prognostic marker of
    disease-free survival (DFS): hazard ratio (HR)=3.137, 95% confidence interval
    (CI)=1.079-9.125, p=0.036; distant DFS (DDFS): HR=2.784, 95%CI=0.921-8.414, p=0.070,
    for the HER2-over-expressing EBC patients. Meanwhile, none of selected AQP3 polymorphisms
    were related to AQP3 expression in tumor tissue or survival in the current study.'
  - Previous muscle activity can alter muscle contractility and lead to strength underestimation
    or overestimation in functional measurements. The objective of this study was
    to evaluate changes in the maximum pressure produced by the diaphragm after different
    series of spontaneous near-to-maximal isometric contractions. Duplicate studies
    were performed on 6 dogs with a mean (SD) weight of 26 (7) kg. The supramaximal
    response of the diaphragm was achieved by simultaneous supramaximal stimulation
    of both phrenic nerves, both under basal conditions and after series of 5, 10,
    and 20 spontaneous inspiratory efforts against the occluded airway, performed
    before and after spinal anesthesia (which eliminates the ventilatory contribution
    of the intercostal muscles). The response was measured using the twitch gastric
    pressure (Pga) and twitch esophageal pressure (Pes) and by muscle shortening (sonomicrometry).
    The short series of 5 inspiratory efforts and, in particular, the medium series
    of 10 efforts produced potentiation of the contractile response, with a rise in
    the Pga from 3.2 (0.4) cm H(2)O to 3.7 (0.3) cm H(2)O, and from 3.5 (0.3) cm H(2)O
    to 3.9 (0.3) cm H(2)O, respectively (P=.05 in both cases). The potentiation was
    somewhat greater after subarachnoid anesthesia (an increase in the Pga of 21%
    after the medium series of 10 efforts with anesthesia vs 11% without anesthesia).
    However, the long series of 20 efforts produced a fall in the response, with a
    decrease in the Pga from 3.2 (0.4) cm H(2)O to 2.5 (0.3) cm H(2)O (P< .05), probably
    due to fatigue overcoming the effect of potentiation.
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1
  results:
  - task:
      type: triplet
      name: Triplet
    dataset:
      name: ai pubmbed validation
      type: ai-pubmbed-validation
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 1.0
      name: Cosine Accuracy
---

# SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1) <!-- at revision 842eaed40bee4d61673a81c92d5689a8fed7a09f -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: RobertaModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("distilroberta-pubmed-embeddings")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Is [ Diaphragmatic response influenced by previous muscle activity ]?',
    'Previous muscle activity can alter muscle contractility and lead to strength underestimation or overestimation in functional measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the maximum pressure produced by the diaphragm after different series of spontaneous near-to-maximal isometric contractions. Duplicate studies were performed on 6 dogs with a mean (SD) weight of 26 (7) kg. The supramaximal response of the diaphragm was achieved by simultaneous supramaximal stimulation of both phrenic nerves, both under basal conditions and after series of 5, 10, and 20 spontaneous inspiratory efforts against the occluded airway, performed before and after spinal anesthesia (which eliminates the ventilatory contribution of the intercostal muscles). The response was measured using the twitch gastric pressure (Pga) and twitch esophageal pressure (Pes) and by muscle shortening (sonomicrometry). The short series of 5 inspiratory efforts and, in particular, the medium series of 10 efforts produced potentiation of the contractile response, with a rise in the Pga from 3.2 (0.4) cm H(2)O to 3.7 (0.3) cm H(2)O, and from 3.5 (0.3) cm H(2)O to 3.9 (0.3) cm H(2)O, respectively (P=.05 in both cases). The potentiation was somewhat greater after subarachnoid anesthesia (an increase in the Pga of 21% after the medium series of 10 efforts with anesthesia vs 11% without anesthesia). However, the long series of 20 efforts produced a fall in the response, with a decrease in the Pga from 3.2 (0.4) cm H(2)O to 2.5 (0.3) cm H(2)O (P< .05), probably due to fatigue overcoming the effect of potentiation.',
    'Recent studies have revealed aquaporins (AQPs) as targets for novel anti-tumor therapy since they are likely to play a role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression and invasion. Accordingly, we analyzed the prognostic impact of AQP3 expression and polymorphisms in a number of patients with early breast cancer (EBC). AQP3 expression was investigated on the basis of the immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray specimens from 447 EBC patients who underwent surgery between 2003 and 2008. We scored the staining intensity (0 through 3) and percentage of positive tumor cells (0 through 4); the staining score was defined as sum of these scores used to categorize the AQP3 expression as negative (0 through 2), weak (3 through 5) or strong (6 or more). For AQP3 polymorphisms, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10813981, rs34391490, rs2228332, rs2227285, rs591810, rs17553719 and rs3860987) were selected using in silico analysis and genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY. A total of 180 (40.3%) patients were identified as AQP3-positive (staining score >2), including 86 (19.2%) cases of strong expression (stating score >5). In a univariate analysis, AQP3 expression was significantly associated with survival for the patients with HER2-over-expressing EBC. Moreover, a multivariate survival analysis revealed that AQP3 expression was an independent prognostic marker of disease-free survival (DFS): hazard ratio (HR)=3.137, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.079-9.125, p=0.036; distant DFS (DDFS): HR=2.784, 95%CI=0.921-8.414, p=0.070, for the HER2-over-expressing EBC patients. Meanwhile, none of selected AQP3 polymorphisms were related to AQP3 expression in tumor tissue or survival in the current study.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
-->

## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Triplet

* Dataset: `ai-pubmbed-validation`
* Evaluated with [<code>TripletEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.TripletEvaluator)

| Metric              | Value   |
|:--------------------|:--------|
| **cosine_accuracy** | **1.0** |

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->

<!--
### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->

## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 1,000 training samples
* Columns: <code>instruction</code>, <code>context</code>, and <code>context_neg</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | instruction                                                                        | context                                                                              | context_neg                                                                          |
  |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                             | string                                                                               | string                                                                               |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 11 tokens</li><li>mean: 26.36 tokens</li><li>max: 67 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 31 tokens</li><li>mean: 320.03 tokens</li><li>max: 512 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 82 tokens</li><li>mean: 321.22 tokens</li><li>max: 512 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | instruction                                                                                                             | context                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | context_neg                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
  |:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>Do competency assessment of primary care physicians as part of a peer review program?</code>                      | <code>To design and test a program that assesses clinical competence as a second stage in a peer review process and to determine the program's reliability. A three-cohort study of Ontario primary care physicians. Reference physicians (n = 26) randomly drawn from the Hamilton, Ontario, area; volunteer, self-referred physicians (n = 20); and physicians referred by the licensing body (n = 37) as a result of a disciplinary hearing or peer review. Standardized patients, structured oral examinations, chart-stimulated recall, objective structured clinical examination, and multiple-choice examination. Test reliability was high, ranging from 0.73 to 0.91, and all tests discriminated among subgroups. Demographic variables relating to the final category were age, Canadian or foreign graduates, and whether or not participants were certified in family medicine.</code>                                                                                                                                                      | <code>Static stretch is frequently observed in the lung. Both static stretch and cyclic stretch can induce cell death and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase trafficking, but stretch-induced alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) functions are much less responsive to static than to cyclic stretch. AEC remodeling under static stretch may be partly explained. The aim of this study was to explore the AEC remodeling and functional changes under static stretch conditions. We used A549 cells as a model of AEC type II cells. We assessed F-actin content and cell viability by fluorescence staining at various static-stretch magnitudes and time points. Specifically, we used scanning electron microscopy to explore the possible biological mechanisms used by A549 cells to 'escape' static-stretch-induced injury. Finally, we measured choline cytidylyltransferase-alpha (CCT alpha) mRNA and protein by real-time PCR and Western blot to evaluate cellular secretory function. The results showed that the magnitude of static stretch was the...</code> |
  | <code>Is age an important determinant of the growth hormone response to sprint exercise in non-obese young men?</code>  | <code>The factors that regulate the growth hormone (GH) response to physiological stimuli, such as exercise, are not fully understood. The aim of the present study is to determine whether age, body composition, measures of sprint performance or the metabolic response to a sprint are predictors of the GH response to sprint exercise in non-obese young men. Twenty-seven healthy, non-obese males aged 18-32 years performed an all-out 30-second sprint on a cycle ergometer. Univariate linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate age-, BMI-, performance- and metabolic-dependent changes from pre-exercise to peak GH and integrated GH for 60 min after the sprint. GH was elevated following the sprint (change in GH: 17.0 +/- 14.2 microg l(-1); integrated GH: 662 +/- 582 min microg l(-1)). Performance characteristics, the metabolic response to exercise and BMI were not significant predictors of the GH response to exercise. However, age emerged as a significant predictor of both integrated GH (beta ...</code> | <code>We have previously reported the crucial roles of oncogenic Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) in inhibiting apoptosis and disrupting cell polarity via the regulation of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells in three-dimensional cultures (3DC). Herein we evaluated the effects of resveratrol, a PDE4 inhibitor, on the luminal cavity formation and the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence using confocal laser scanning microscopy with an antibody against cleaved caspase-3 in HCT116 cells treated with or without resveratrol in a two-dimensional culture (2DC) or 3DC. Resveratrol did not induce apoptosis of HCT116 cells in 2DC, whereas the number of apoptotic HCT116 cells increased after resveratrol treatment in 3DC, leading to formation of a luminal cavity.</code>                                                                                                                                              |
  | <code>Is terlipressin more effective in decreasing variceal pressure than portal pressure in cirrhotic patients?</code> | <code>Terlipressin decreases portal pressure. However, its effects on variceal pressure have been poorly investigated. This study investigated the variceal, splanchnic and systemic hemodynamic effects of terlipressin. Twenty cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices grade II-III, and portal pressure > or =12 mmHg were studied. Hepatic venous pressure gradient, variceal pressure and systemic hemodynamic parameters were obtained. After baseline measurements, in a double-blind administration, 14 patients received a 2mg/iv injection of terlipressin and six patients received placebo. The same measurements were repeated 60 min later. No demographic or biochemical differences were observed in basal condition between groups. Terlipressin produced significant decreases in intravariceal pressure from 20.9+4.9 to 16.3+/-4.7 mmHg (p<0.01, -21+/- 16%), variceal pressure gradient from 18.9+/-4.8 to 13.5+/-6.0 mmHg (p<0.01, -28+/-27%), estimated variceal wall tension from 78+/-29 to 59+/-31 mmHg x mm (p<0...</code> | <code>Based on the theories of brain reserve and cognitive reserve, we investigated whether larger maximal lifetime brain growth (MLBG) and/or greater lifetime intellectual enrichment protect against cognitive decline over time. Forty patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) underwent baseline and 4.5-year follow-up evaluations of cognitive efficiency (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task) and memory (Selective Reminding Test, Spatial Recall Test). Baseline and follow-up MRIs quantified disease progression: percentage brain volume change (cerebral atrophy), percentage change in T2 lesion volume. MLBG (brain reserve) was estimated with intracranial volume; intellectual enrichment (cognitive reserve) was estimated with vocabulary. We performed repeated-measures analyses of covariance to investigate whether larger MLBG and/or greater intellectual enrichment moderate/attenuate cognitive decline over time, controlling for disease progression. Patients with MS declined in...</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 1,000 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>instruction</code>, <code>context</code>, and <code>context_neg</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | instruction                                                                       | context                                                                              | context_neg                                                                          |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                               | string                                                                               |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 9 tokens</li><li>mean: 26.16 tokens</li><li>max: 65 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 16 tokens</li><li>mean: 318.79 tokens</li><li>max: 512 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 69 tokens</li><li>mean: 319.13 tokens</li><li>max: 512 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | instruction                                                                                                                            | context                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | context_neg                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
  |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>Do [ The Relationship Between the Damages of Hand Functions and the Type of Cerebral Palsy in Children ]?</code>                 | <code>To investigate the relationship between the damages of hand functions and the type of cerebral palsy (CP) in children with CP. A total of 280 children aged 4-12 years old with CP in the 20 districts of Chengdu were included. The damages of hand functions were assessed with the Chinese Version of Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and its relationship with the type of CP were analyzed. Among the 280 investigated children, there were 195 chidren with spastic CP, which accounted for the largest proportion (69.64%), wherein the spastic diplegia was most common (56.41%). The classification of MACS was level I-II in 65.13% children with spastic CP, whereas the classification of MACS was level IU-V in 84. 44% and 80.95% children with mixed and dyskinetic CP, respectively. With the increase of the degree of cognitive dysfunction in children with CP, the level of MACS was also increased. There was a difference between the classification of MACS and the different type of CP (P<0.05). Th...</code> | <code>One-third of estrogen (ER+) and/or progesterone receptor-positive (PGR+) breast tumors treated with Tamoxifen (TAM) do not respond to initial treatment, and the remaining 70% are at risk to relapse in the future. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG, ERRγ) is an orphan nuclear receptor with broad, structural similarities to classical ER that is widely implicated in the transcriptional regulation of energy homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that ERRγ induces resistance to TAM in ER+ breast cancer models, and that the receptor's transcriptional activity is modified by activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway. We hypothesize that hyper-activation or over-expression of ERRγ induces a pro-survival transcriptional program that impairs the ability of TAM to inhibit the growth of ER+ breast cancer. The goal of the present study is to determine whether ERRγ target genes are associated with reduced distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in ER+ breast cancer treated with TAM. Raw gene expr...</code> |
  | <code>Does tissue-Engineered Skin Substitute enhance Wound Healing after Radiation Therapy?</code>                                     | <code>When given in conjunction with surgery for treating cancer, radiation therapy may result in impaired wound healing, which, in turn, could cause skin ulcers. In this study, bilayer and monolayer autologous skin substitutes were used to treat an irradiated wound. A single dose of 30 Gy of linear electron beam radiation was applied to the hind limb of nude mice before creating the skin lesion (area of 78.6 mm). Monolayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (MTESSs) were prepared by entrapping cultured keratinocytes in fibrin matrix, and bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (BTESSs) were prepared by entrapping keratinocytes and fibroblasts in separate layers. Bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitute and MTESS were implanted to the wound area. Gross appearance and wound area were analyzed to evaluate wound healing efficiency. Skin regeneration and morphological appearance were observed via histological and electron microscopy. Protein expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-...</code> | <code>The genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is being analyzed in multiple whole genome association studies (WGAS). The GAB2 gene has been proposed as a modifying factor of APOE epsilon 4 allele in a recent case-control WGAS conducted in the US. Given the potential application of these novel results in AD diagnostics, we decided to make an independent replication to examine the GAB2 gene effect in our series. We are conducting a multicenter population-based study of AD in Spain. We analyzed a total of 1116 Spanish individuals. Specifically, 521 AD patients, 475 controls from the general population and 120 neurologically-normal elderly controls (NNE controls). We have genotyped GAB2 (rs2373115 G/T) and APOE rs429358 (SNP112)/rs7412 (SNP158) polymorphisms using real time-PCR technologies. As previously reported in Spain, APOE epsilon 4 allele was strongly associated with AD in our series (OR=2.88 [95% C.I. 2.16- 3.84], p=7.38E-11). Moreover, a large effect for epsilone 4/epsilone 4 geno...</code> |
  | <code>Does embryonic expression of EphA receptor genes in mice support their candidacy for involvement in cleft lip and palate?</code> | <code>Eph receptors, comprising the A- and B-subfamilies, are the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases in the mammalian genome, and their function is critical for morphogenesis in a variety of contexts. Whereas signaling through B-type Ephs has been demonstrated to play a role in cleft lip and palate (CL/P), the involvement of A-type Ephs has not been examined in this context notwithstanding a recent genome-wide association study that identified the EPHA3 locus as a candidate for non-syndromic CL/P. Here, we present a systematic analysis of the gene expression patterns for the nine EphA receptors at progressive stages of mouse development and find that EphA3, EphA4, and EphA7 exhibit restricted overlapping patterns of expression during palate development. We find that homozygous mutation of EphA3 or compound homozygous mutation of EphA3 and EphA4 in mice does not result in defective midfacial development, supporting the possibility of redundant function with EphA7. We also document pr...</code> | <code>Physical therapists and occupational therapists practicing in acute care hospitals play a crucial role in discharge planning. A standardized assessment of patients' function could be useful for discharge recommendations. The study objective was to determine the accuracy of "6-Clicks" basic mobility and daily activity measures for predicting discharge from an acute care hospital to a home or institutional setting. The study was retrospective and observational. "6-Clicks" scores obtained at initial visits by physical therapists or occupational therapists and patients' discharge destinations were used to develop and validate receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting discharge destination. Positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and likelihood ratios were calculated. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for basic mobility scores were 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.852, 0.862) and 0.855 (95% CI=0.850, 0.860) in development...</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | ai-pubmbed-validation_cosine_accuracy |
|:-----:|:----:|:-------------------------------------:|
| 0     | 0    | 1.0                                   |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
- Transformers: 4.47.0
- PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121
- Accelerate: 1.2.1
- Datasets: 3.3.1
- Tokenizers: 0.21.0

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

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