#include "storm-parsers/parser/DirectEncodingParser.h"

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <regex>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>

#include "storm/adapters/RationalFunctionAdapter.h"

#include "storm/exceptions/AbortException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/FileIoException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/InvalidArgumentException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/NotSupportedException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/WrongFormatException.h"
#include "storm/settings/SettingsManager.h"

#include "storm/models/sparse/MarkovAutomaton.h"
#include "storm/models/sparse/Ctmc.h"

#include "storm/models/sparse/MarkovAutomaton.h"
#include "storm/models/sparse/Ctmc.h"
#include "storm/settings/SettingsManager.h"
#include "storm/utility/constants.h"
#include "storm/utility/builder.h"
#include "storm/io/file.h"
#include "storm/utility/macros.h"
#include "storm/utility/SignalHandler.h"

namespace storm {
    namespace parser {

        template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
        std::shared_ptr<storm::models::sparse::Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>> DirectEncodingParser<ValueType, RewardModelType>::parseModel(std::string const& filename, DirectEncodingParserOptions const& options) {

            STORM_LOG_INFO("Reading from file " << filename);
            std::ifstream file;
            storm::utility::openFile(filename, file);
            std::string line;

            ValueParser<ValueType> valueParser;
            bool sawType = false;
            bool sawParameters = false;
            std::unordered_map<std::string, ValueType> placeholders;
            size_t nrStates = 0;
            size_t nrChoices = 0;
            storm::models::ModelType type;
            std::vector<std::string> rewardModelNames;
            std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::sparse::ModelComponents<ValueType, RewardModelType>> modelComponents;

            while (storm::utility::getline(file, line)) {
                if (line.empty() || boost::starts_with(line, "//")) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (boost::starts_with(line, "@type: ")) {

                    STORM_LOG_THROW(!sawType, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Type declared twice");
                    type = storm::models::getModelType(line.substr(7));
                    STORM_LOG_TRACE("Model type: " << type);
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(type != storm::models::ModelType::S2pg, storm::exceptions::NotSupportedException,
                                    "Stochastic Two Player Games in DRN format are not supported.");
                    sawType = true;

                } else if (line == "@parameters") {

                    STORM_LOG_THROW(!sawParameters, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Parameters declared twice");
                    storm::utility::getline(file, line);
                    if (line != "") {
                        std::vector<std::string> parameters;
                        boost::split(parameters, line, boost::is_any_of(" "));
                        for (std::string const& parameter : parameters) {
                            STORM_LOG_TRACE("New parameter: " << parameter);
                            valueParser.addParameter(parameter);
                        }
                    }
                    sawParameters = true;

                } else if (line == "@placeholders") {

                    while (storm::utility::getline(file, line)) {
                        size_t posColon = line.find(':');
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(posColon != std::string::npos, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "':' not found.");
                        std::string placeName = line.substr(0, posColon - 1);
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(placeName.front() == '$', storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Placeholder must start with dollar symbol $.");
                        std::string valueStr = line.substr(posColon + 2);
                        ValueType value = parseValue(valueStr, placeholders, valueParser);
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("Placeholder " << placeName << " for value " << value);
                        auto ret = placeholders.insert(std::make_pair(placeName.substr(1), value));
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(ret.second, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Placeholder '$" << placeName << "' was already defined before.");
                        if (file.peek() == '@') {

                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } else if (line == "@reward_models") {

                    STORM_LOG_THROW(rewardModelNames.empty(), storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Reward model names declared twice");
                    storm::utility::getline(file, line);
                    boost::split(rewardModelNames, line, boost::is_any_of("\t "));
                } else if (line == "@nr_states") {

                    STORM_LOG_THROW(nrStates == 0, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Number states declared twice");
                    storm::utility::getline(file, line);
                    nrStates = parseNumber<size_t>(line);
                } else if (line == "@nr_choices") {
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(nrChoices == 0, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Number of actions declared twice");
                    storm::utility::getline(file, line);
                    nrChoices = parseNumber<size_t>(line);
                } else if (line == "@model") {

                    STORM_LOG_THROW(sawType, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Type has to be declared before model.");
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(sawParameters, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Parameters have to be declared before model.");
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(nrStates != 0, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "No. of states has to be declared before model.");
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(!options.buildChoiceLabeling || nrChoices != 0, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "No. of actions (@nr_choices) has to be declared before model.");
                    STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(nrChoices != 0, "No. of actions has to be declared. We may continue now, but future versions might not support this.");

                    modelComponents = parseStates(file, type, nrStates, nrChoices, placeholders, valueParser, rewardModelNames, options);
                    break;
                } else {
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Could not parse line '" << line << "'.");
                }
            }

            storm::utility::closeFile(file);

            return storm::utility::builder::buildModelFromComponents(type, std::move(*modelComponents));
        }

        template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
        std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::sparse::ModelComponents<ValueType, RewardModelType>>
        DirectEncodingParser<ValueType, RewardModelType>::parseStates(std::istream& file, storm::models::ModelType type, size_t stateSize, size_t nrChoices,
                                                                      std::unordered_map<std::string, ValueType> const& placeholders, ValueParser<ValueType> const& valueParser,
                                                                      std::vector<std::string> const& rewardModelNames, DirectEncodingParserOptions const& options) {

            auto modelComponents = std::make_shared<storm::storage::sparse::ModelComponents<ValueType, RewardModelType>>();
            bool nonDeterministic = (type == storm::models::ModelType::Mdp || type == storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton || type == storm::models::ModelType::Pomdp);
            bool continuousTime = (type == storm::models::ModelType::Ctmc || type == storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton);
            storm::storage::SparseMatrixBuilder<ValueType> builder = storm::storage::SparseMatrixBuilder<ValueType>(0, 0, 0, false, nonDeterministic, 0);
            modelComponents->stateLabeling = storm::models::sparse::StateLabeling(stateSize);
            modelComponents->observabilityClasses = std::vector<uint32_t>();
            modelComponents->observabilityClasses->resize(stateSize);
            if (options.buildChoiceLabeling) {
                modelComponents->choiceLabeling = storm::models::sparse::ChoiceLabeling(nrChoices);
            }
            std::vector<std::vector<ValueType>> stateRewards;
            std::vector<std::vector<ValueType>> actionRewards;
            if (continuousTime) {
                modelComponents->exitRates = std::vector<ValueType>(stateSize);
                if (type == storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton) {
                    modelComponents->markovianStates = storm::storage::BitVector(stateSize);
                }
            }

            if (type == storm::models::ModelType::Ctmc) {
                modelComponents->rateTransitions = true;
            }

            std::string line;
            size_t row = 0;
            size_t state = 0;
            bool firstState = true;
            bool firstActionForState = true;
            while (storm::utility::getline(file, line)) {
                if (boost::starts_with(line, "//")) {
                    continue;
                }
                STORM_LOG_TRACE("Parsing: " << line);
                if (boost::starts_with(line, "state ")) {

                    if (firstState) {
                        firstState = false;
                    } else {
                        ++state;
                        ++row;
                    }
                    firstActionForState = true;
                    STORM_LOG_TRACE("New state " << state);

                    line = line.substr(6); 
                    std::string curString = line;
                    size_t posEnd = line.find(" ");
                    if (posEnd != std::string::npos) {
                        curString = line.substr(0, posEnd);
                        line = line.substr(posEnd + 1);
                    } else {
                        line = "";
                    }
                    size_t parsedId = parseNumber<size_t>(curString);
                    STORM_LOG_ASSERT(state == parsedId, "State ids do not correspond.");
                    if (nonDeterministic) {
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("new Row Group starts at " << row << ".");
                        builder.newRowGroup(row);
                    }

                    if (continuousTime) {

                        STORM_LOG_THROW(boost::starts_with(line, "!"), storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Exit rate missing.");
                        line = line.substr(1); 
                        curString = line;
                        posEnd = line.find(" ");
                        if (posEnd != std::string::npos) {
                            curString = line.substr(0, posEnd);
                            line = line.substr(posEnd + 1);
                        } else {
                            line = "";
                        }
                        ValueType exitRate = parseValue(curString, placeholders, valueParser);
                        if (type == storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton && !storm::utility::isZero<ValueType>(exitRate)) {
                            modelComponents->markovianStates.get().set(state);
                        }
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("Exit rate " << exitRate);
                        modelComponents->exitRates.get()[state] = exitRate;
                    }

                    if (boost::starts_with(line, "[")) {

                        size_t posEndReward = line.find(']');
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(posEndReward != std::string::npos, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "] missing.");
                        std::string rewardsStr = line.substr(1, posEndReward - 1);
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("State rewards: " << rewardsStr);
                        std::vector<std::string> rewards;
                        boost::split(rewards, rewardsStr, boost::is_any_of(","));
                        if (stateRewards.size() < rewards.size()) {
                            stateRewards.resize(rewards.size());
                        }
                        auto stateRewardsIt = stateRewards.begin();
                        for (auto const& rew : rewards) {
                            auto rewardValue = parseValue(rew, placeholders, valueParser);
                            if (!storm::utility::isZero(rewardValue)) {
                                if (stateRewardsIt->empty()) {
                                    stateRewardsIt->resize(stateSize, storm::utility::zero<ValueType>());
                                }
                                (*stateRewardsIt)[state] = std::move(rewardValue);
                            }
                            ++stateRewardsIt;
                        }
                        line = line.substr(posEndReward + 1);
                    }

                    if (type == storm::models::ModelType::Pomdp) {
                        if (boost::starts_with(line, "{")) {
                            size_t posEndObservation = line.find("}");
                            std::string observation = line.substr(1, posEndObservation - 1);
                            STORM_LOG_TRACE("State observation " << observation);
                            modelComponents->observabilityClasses.get()[state] = std::stoi(observation);
                            line = line.substr(posEndObservation + 1);
                        } else {
                            STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Expected an observation for state " << state << ".");
                        }
                    }

                    if (!line.empty()) {
                        std::vector<std::string> labels;

                        std::regex labelRegex(R"(\"([^\"]+?)\"(?=(\s|$|\"))|([^\s\"]+?(?=(\s|$))))");

                        auto match_begin = std::sregex_iterator(line.begin(), line.end(), labelRegex);
                        auto match_end = std::sregex_iterator();
                        for (std::sregex_iterator i = match_begin; i != match_end; ++i) {
                            std::smatch match = *i;

                            if (match.length(1) > 0) {
                                labels.push_back(match.str(1));
                            } else {
                                labels.push_back(match.str(3));
                            }
                        }

                        for (std::string const& label : labels) {
                            if (!modelComponents->stateLabeling.containsLabel(label)) {
                                modelComponents->stateLabeling.addLabel(label);
                            }
                            modelComponents->stateLabeling.addLabelToState(label, state);
                            STORM_LOG_TRACE("New label: '" << label << "'");
                        }
                    }

                } else if (boost::starts_with(line, "\taction ")) {

                    if (firstActionForState) {
                        firstActionForState = false;
                    } else {
                        ++row;
                    }
                    STORM_LOG_TRACE("New action: " << row);
                    line = line.substr(8); 
                    std::string curString = line;
                    size_t posEnd = line.find(" ");
                    if (posEnd != std::string::npos) {
                        curString = line.substr(0, posEnd);
                        line = line.substr(posEnd + 1);
                    } else {
                        line = "";
                    }

                    if (options.buildChoiceLabeling) {
                        if (curString != "__NOLABEL__") {
                            if (!modelComponents->choiceLabeling.get().containsLabel(curString)) {
                                modelComponents->choiceLabeling.get().addLabel(curString);
                            }
                            modelComponents->choiceLabeling.get().addLabelToChoice(curString, row);
                        }
                    }

                    if (boost::starts_with(line, "[")) {

                        size_t posEndReward = line.find(']');
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(posEndReward != std::string::npos, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "] missing.");
                        std::string rewardsStr = line.substr(1, posEndReward - 1);
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("Action rewards: " << rewardsStr);
                        std::vector<std::string> rewards;
                        boost::split(rewards, rewardsStr, boost::is_any_of(","));
                        if (actionRewards.size() < rewards.size()) {
                            actionRewards.resize(rewards.size());
                        }
                        auto actionRewardsIt = actionRewards.begin();
                        for (auto const& rew : rewards) {
                            auto rewardValue = parseValue(rew, placeholders, valueParser);
                            if (!storm::utility::isZero(rewardValue)) {
                                if (actionRewardsIt->size() <= row) {
                                    actionRewardsIt->resize(std::max(row + 1, stateSize), storm::utility::zero<ValueType>());
                                }
                                (*actionRewardsIt)[row] = std::move(rewardValue);
                            }
                            ++actionRewardsIt;
                        }
                        line = line.substr(posEndReward + 1);
                    }

                } else {

                    size_t posColon = line.find(':');
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(posColon != std::string::npos, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "':' not found in '" << line << "'.");
                    size_t target = parseNumber<size_t>(line.substr(2, posColon - 3));
                    std::string valueStr = line.substr(posColon + 2);
                    ValueType value = parseValue(valueStr, placeholders, valueParser);
                    STORM_LOG_TRACE("Transition " << row << " -> " << target << ": " << value);
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(target < stateSize, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Target state " << target << " is greater than state size " << stateSize);
                    builder.addNextValue(row, target, value);
                }

                if (storm::utility::resources::isTerminate()) {
                    std::cout << "Parsed " << state << "/" << stateSize << " states before abort." << std::endl;
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::AbortException, "Aborted in state space exploration.");
                    break;
                }

            } 
            STORM_LOG_TRACE("Finished parsing");

            modelComponents->transitionMatrix = builder.build(row + 1, stateSize, nonDeterministic ? stateSize : 0);
            STORM_LOG_TRACE("Built matrix");

            uint64_t numRewardModels = std::max(stateRewards.size(), actionRewards.size());
            for (uint64_t i = 0; i < numRewardModels; ++i) {
                std::string rewardModelName;
                if (rewardModelNames.size() <= i) {
                    rewardModelName = "rew" + std::to_string(i);
                } else {
                    rewardModelName = rewardModelNames[i];
                }
                boost::optional<std::vector<ValueType>> stateRewardVector, actionRewardVector;
                if (i < stateRewards.size() && !stateRewards[i].empty()) {
                    stateRewardVector = std::move(stateRewards[i]);
                }
                if (i < actionRewards.size() && !actionRewards[i].empty()) {
                    actionRewards[i].resize(row + 1, storm::utility::zero<ValueType>());
                    actionRewardVector = std::move(actionRewards[i]);
                }
                modelComponents->rewardModels.emplace(rewardModelName,
                                                      storm::models::sparse::StandardRewardModel<ValueType>(std::move(stateRewardVector), std::move(actionRewardVector)));
            }
            STORM_LOG_TRACE("Built reward models");
            return modelComponents;
        }

        template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
        ValueType DirectEncodingParser<ValueType, RewardModelType>::parseValue(std::string const& valueStr, std::unordered_map<std::string, ValueType> const& placeholders,
                                                                               ValueParser<ValueType> const& valueParser) {
            if (boost::starts_with(valueStr, "$")) {
                auto it = placeholders.find(valueStr.substr(1));
                STORM_LOG_THROW(it != placeholders.end(), storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Placeholder " << valueStr << " unknown.");
                return it->second;
            } else {

                return valueParser.parseValue(valueStr);
            }
        }

        template class DirectEncodingParser<double>;
        template class DirectEncodingParser<storm::RationalNumber>;
        template class DirectEncodingParser<storm::RationalFunction>;

    } 
}
#include "storm-parsers/parser/DirectEncodingParser.h"

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <regex>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>

#include "storm/adapters/RationalFunctionAdapter.h"

#include "storm/exceptions/AbortException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/FileIoException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/InvalidArgumentException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/NotSupportedException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/WrongFormatException.h"
#include "storm/settings/SettingsManager.h"

#include "storm/models/sparse/MarkovAutomaton.h"
#include "storm/models/sparse/Ctmc.h"

#include "storm/models/sparse/MarkovAutomaton.h"
#include "storm/models/sparse/Ctmc.h"
#include "storm/settings/SettingsManager.h"
#include "storm/utility/constants.h"
#include "storm/utility/builder.h"
#include "storm/io/file.h"
#include "storm/utility/macros.h"
#include "storm/utility/SignalHandler.h"


namespace storm {
    namespace parser {

        template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
        std::shared_ptr<storm::models::sparse::Model<ValueType, RewardModelType>> DirectEncodingParser<ValueType, RewardModelType>::parseModel(std::string const& filename, DirectEncodingParserOptions const& options) {

            // Load file
            STORM_LOG_INFO("Reading from file " << filename);
            std::ifstream file;
            storm::utility::openFile(filename, file);
            std::string line;

            // Initialize
            ValueParser<ValueType> valueParser;
            bool sawType = false;
            bool sawParameters = false;
            std::unordered_map<std::string, ValueType> placeholders;
            size_t nrStates = 0;
            size_t nrChoices = 0;
            storm::models::ModelType type;
            std::vector<std::string> rewardModelNames;
            std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::sparse::ModelComponents<ValueType, RewardModelType>> modelComponents;

            // Parse header
            while (storm::utility::getline(file, line)) {
                if (line.empty() || boost::starts_with(line, "//")) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (boost::starts_with(line, "@type: ")) {
                    // Parse type
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(!sawType, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Type declared twice");
                    type = storm::models::getModelType(line.substr(7));
                    STORM_LOG_TRACE("Model type: " << type);
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(type != storm::models::ModelType::S2pg, storm::exceptions::NotSupportedException,
                                    "Stochastic Two Player Games in DRN format are not supported.");
                    sawType = true;

                } else if (line == "@parameters") {
                    // Parse parameters
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(!sawParameters, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Parameters declared twice");
                    storm::utility::getline(file, line);
                    if (line != "") {
                        std::vector<std::string> parameters;
                        boost::split(parameters, line, boost::is_any_of(" "));
                        for (std::string const& parameter : parameters) {
                            STORM_LOG_TRACE("New parameter: " << parameter);
                            valueParser.addParameter(parameter);
                        }
                    }
                    sawParameters = true;

                } else if (line == "@placeholders") {
                    // Parse placeholders
                    while (storm::utility::getline(file, line)) {
                        size_t posColon = line.find(':');
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(posColon != std::string::npos, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "':' not found.");
                        std::string placeName = line.substr(0, posColon - 1);
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(placeName.front() == '$', storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Placeholder must start with dollar symbol $.");
                        std::string valueStr = line.substr(posColon + 2);
                        ValueType value = parseValue(valueStr, placeholders, valueParser);
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("Placeholder " << placeName << " for value " << value);
                        auto ret = placeholders.insert(std::make_pair(placeName.substr(1), value));
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(ret.second, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Placeholder '$" << placeName << "' was already defined before.");
                        if (file.peek() == '@') {
                            // Next character is @ -> placeholder definitions ended
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } else if (line == "@reward_models") {
                    // Parse reward models
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(rewardModelNames.empty(), storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Reward model names declared twice");
                    storm::utility::getline(file, line);
                    boost::split(rewardModelNames, line, boost::is_any_of("\t "));
                } else if (line == "@nr_states") {
                    // Parse no. of states
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(nrStates == 0, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Number states declared twice");
                    storm::utility::getline(file, line);
                    nrStates = parseNumber<size_t>(line);
                } else if (line == "@nr_choices") {
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(nrChoices == 0, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Number of actions declared twice");
                    storm::utility::getline(file, line);
                    nrChoices = parseNumber<size_t>(line);
                } else if (line == "@model") {
                    // Parse rest of the model
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(sawType, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Type has to be declared before model.");
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(sawParameters, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Parameters have to be declared before model.");
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(nrStates != 0, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "No. of states has to be declared before model.");
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(!options.buildChoiceLabeling || nrChoices != 0, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "No. of actions (@nr_choices) has to be declared before model.");
                    STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(nrChoices != 0, "No. of actions has to be declared. We may continue now, but future versions might not support this.");
                    // Construct model components
                    modelComponents = parseStates(file, type, nrStates, nrChoices, placeholders, valueParser, rewardModelNames, options);
                    break;
                } else {
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Could not parse line '" << line << "'.");
                }
            }
            // Done parsing
            storm::utility::closeFile(file);

            // Build model
            return storm::utility::builder::buildModelFromComponents(type, std::move(*modelComponents));
        }

        template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
        std::shared_ptr<storm::storage::sparse::ModelComponents<ValueType, RewardModelType>>
        DirectEncodingParser<ValueType, RewardModelType>::parseStates(std::istream& file, storm::models::ModelType type, size_t stateSize, size_t nrChoices,
                                                                      std::unordered_map<std::string, ValueType> const& placeholders, ValueParser<ValueType> const& valueParser,
                                                                      std::vector<std::string> const& rewardModelNames, DirectEncodingParserOptions const& options) {
            // Initialize
            auto modelComponents = std::make_shared<storm::storage::sparse::ModelComponents<ValueType, RewardModelType>>();
            bool nonDeterministic = (type == storm::models::ModelType::Mdp || type == storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton || type == storm::models::ModelType::Pomdp);
            bool continuousTime = (type == storm::models::ModelType::Ctmc || type == storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton);
            storm::storage::SparseMatrixBuilder<ValueType> builder = storm::storage::SparseMatrixBuilder<ValueType>(0, 0, 0, false, nonDeterministic, 0);
            modelComponents->stateLabeling = storm::models::sparse::StateLabeling(stateSize);
            modelComponents->observabilityClasses = std::vector<uint32_t>();
            modelComponents->observabilityClasses->resize(stateSize);
            if (options.buildChoiceLabeling) {
                modelComponents->choiceLabeling = storm::models::sparse::ChoiceLabeling(nrChoices);
            }
            std::vector<std::vector<ValueType>> stateRewards;
            std::vector<std::vector<ValueType>> actionRewards;
            if (continuousTime) {
                modelComponents->exitRates = std::vector<ValueType>(stateSize);
                if (type == storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton) {
                    modelComponents->markovianStates = storm::storage::BitVector(stateSize);
                }
            }
            // We parse rates for continuous time models.
            if (type == storm::models::ModelType::Ctmc) {
                modelComponents->rateTransitions = true;
            }

            // Iterate over all lines
            std::string line;
            size_t row = 0;
            size_t state = 0;
            bool firstState = true;
            bool firstActionForState = true;
            while (storm::utility::getline(file, line)) {
                if (boost::starts_with(line, "//")) {
                    continue;
                }
                STORM_LOG_TRACE("Parsing: " << line);
                if (boost::starts_with(line, "state ")) {
                    // New state
                    if (firstState) {
                        firstState = false;
                    } else {
                        ++state;
                        ++row;
                    }
                    firstActionForState = true;
                    STORM_LOG_TRACE("New state " << state);

                    // Parse state id
                    line = line.substr(6); // Remove "state "
                    std::string curString = line;
                    size_t posEnd = line.find(" ");
                    if (posEnd != std::string::npos) {
                        curString = line.substr(0, posEnd);
                        line = line.substr(posEnd + 1);
                    } else {
                        line = "";
                    }
                    size_t parsedId = parseNumber<size_t>(curString);
                    STORM_LOG_ASSERT(state == parsedId, "State ids do not correspond.");
                    if (nonDeterministic) {
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("new Row Group starts at " << row << ".");
                        builder.newRowGroup(row);
                    }

                    if (continuousTime) {
                        // Parse exit rate for CTMC or MA
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(boost::starts_with(line, "!"), storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Exit rate missing.");
                        line = line.substr(1); //Remove "!"
                        curString = line;
                        posEnd = line.find(" ");
                        if (posEnd != std::string::npos) {
                            curString = line.substr(0, posEnd);
                            line = line.substr(posEnd + 1);
                        } else {
                            line = "";
                        }
                        ValueType exitRate = parseValue(curString, placeholders, valueParser);
                        if (type == storm::models::ModelType::MarkovAutomaton && !storm::utility::isZero<ValueType>(exitRate)) {
                            modelComponents->markovianStates.get().set(state);
                        }
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("Exit rate " << exitRate);
                        modelComponents->exitRates.get()[state] = exitRate;
                    }

                    if (boost::starts_with(line, "[")) {
                        // Parse rewards
                        size_t posEndReward = line.find(']');
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(posEndReward != std::string::npos, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "] missing.");
                        std::string rewardsStr = line.substr(1, posEndReward - 1);
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("State rewards: " << rewardsStr);
                        std::vector<std::string> rewards;
                        boost::split(rewards, rewardsStr, boost::is_any_of(","));
                        if (stateRewards.size() < rewards.size()) {
                            stateRewards.resize(rewards.size());
                        }
                        auto stateRewardsIt = stateRewards.begin();
                        for (auto const& rew : rewards) {
                            auto rewardValue = parseValue(rew, placeholders, valueParser);
                            if (!storm::utility::isZero(rewardValue)) {
                                if (stateRewardsIt->empty()) {
                                    stateRewardsIt->resize(stateSize, storm::utility::zero<ValueType>());
                                }
                                (*stateRewardsIt)[state] = std::move(rewardValue);
                            }
                            ++stateRewardsIt;
                        }
                        line = line.substr(posEndReward + 1);
                    }


                    if (type == storm::models::ModelType::Pomdp) {
                        if (boost::starts_with(line, "{")) {
                            size_t posEndObservation = line.find("}");
                            std::string observation = line.substr(1, posEndObservation - 1);
                            STORM_LOG_TRACE("State observation " << observation);
                            modelComponents->observabilityClasses.get()[state] = std::stoi(observation);
                            line = line.substr(posEndObservation + 1);
                        } else {
                            STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Expected an observation for state " << state << ".");
                        }
                    }

                    // Parse labels
                    if (!line.empty()) {
                        std::vector<std::string> labels;
                        // Labels are separated by whitespace and can optionally be enclosed in quotation marks
                        // Regex for labels with two cases:
                        // * Enclosed in quotation marks: \"([^\"]+?)\"(?=(\s|$|\"))
                        //   - First part matches string enclosed in quotation marks with no quotation mark inbetween (\"([^\"]+?)\")
                        //   - second part is lookahead which ensures that after the matched part either whitespace, end of line or a new quotation mark follows (?=(\s|$|\"))
                        // * Separated by whitespace: [^\s\"]+?(?=(\s|$))
                        //   - First part matches string without whitespace and quotation marks [^\s\"]+?
                        //   - Second part is again lookahead matching whitespace or end of line (?=(\s|$))
                        std::regex labelRegex(R"(\"([^\"]+?)\"(?=(\s|$|\"))|([^\s\"]+?(?=(\s|$))))");

                        // Iterate over matches
                        auto match_begin = std::sregex_iterator(line.begin(), line.end(), labelRegex);
                        auto match_end = std::sregex_iterator();
                        for (std::sregex_iterator i = match_begin; i != match_end; ++i) {
                            std::smatch match = *i;
                            // Find matched group and add as label
                            if (match.length(1) > 0) {
                                labels.push_back(match.str(1));
                            } else {
                                labels.push_back(match.str(3));
                            }
                        }

                        for (std::string const& label : labels) {
                            if (!modelComponents->stateLabeling.containsLabel(label)) {
                                modelComponents->stateLabeling.addLabel(label);
                            }
                            modelComponents->stateLabeling.addLabelToState(label, state);
                            STORM_LOG_TRACE("New label: '" << label << "'");
                        }
                    }

                } else if (boost::starts_with(line, "\taction ")) {
                    // New action
                    if (firstActionForState) {
                        firstActionForState = false;
                    } else {
                        ++row;
                    }
                    STORM_LOG_TRACE("New action: " << row);
                    line = line.substr(8); //Remove "\taction "
                    std::string curString = line;
                    size_t posEnd = line.find(" ");
                    if (posEnd != std::string::npos) {
                        curString = line.substr(0, posEnd);
                        line = line.substr(posEnd + 1);
                    } else {
                        line = "";
                    }

                    // curString contains action name.
                    if (options.buildChoiceLabeling) {
                        if (curString != "__NOLABEL__") {
                            if (!modelComponents->choiceLabeling.get().containsLabel(curString)) {
                                modelComponents->choiceLabeling.get().addLabel(curString);
                            }
                            modelComponents->choiceLabeling.get().addLabelToChoice(curString, row);
                        }
                    }
                    // Check for rewards
                    if (boost::starts_with(line, "[")) {
                        // Rewards found
                        size_t posEndReward = line.find(']');
                        STORM_LOG_THROW(posEndReward != std::string::npos, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "] missing.");
                        std::string rewardsStr = line.substr(1, posEndReward - 1);
                        STORM_LOG_TRACE("Action rewards: " << rewardsStr);
                        std::vector<std::string> rewards;
                        boost::split(rewards, rewardsStr, boost::is_any_of(","));
                        if (actionRewards.size() < rewards.size()) {
                            actionRewards.resize(rewards.size());
                        }
                        auto actionRewardsIt = actionRewards.begin();
                        for (auto const& rew : rewards) {
                            auto rewardValue = parseValue(rew, placeholders, valueParser);
                            if (!storm::utility::isZero(rewardValue)) {
                                if (actionRewardsIt->size() <= row) {
                                    actionRewardsIt->resize(std::max(row + 1, stateSize), storm::utility::zero<ValueType>());
                                }
                                (*actionRewardsIt)[row] = std::move(rewardValue);
                            }
                            ++actionRewardsIt;
                        }
                        line = line.substr(posEndReward + 1);
                    }

                } else {
                    // New transition
                    size_t posColon = line.find(':');
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(posColon != std::string::npos, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "':' not found in '" << line << "'.");
                    size_t target = parseNumber<size_t>(line.substr(2, posColon - 3));
                    std::string valueStr = line.substr(posColon + 2);
                    ValueType value = parseValue(valueStr, placeholders, valueParser);
                    STORM_LOG_TRACE("Transition " << row << " -> " << target << ": " << value);
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(target < stateSize, storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Target state " << target << " is greater than state size " << stateSize);
                    builder.addNextValue(row, target, value);
                }

                if (storm::utility::resources::isTerminate()) {
                    std::cout << "Parsed " << state << "/" << stateSize << " states before abort." << std::endl;
                    STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::AbortException, "Aborted in state space exploration.");
                    break;
                }

            } // end state iteration
            STORM_LOG_TRACE("Finished parsing");

            // Build transition matrix
            modelComponents->transitionMatrix = builder.build(row + 1, stateSize, nonDeterministic ? stateSize : 0);
            STORM_LOG_TRACE("Built matrix");

            // Build reward models
            uint64_t numRewardModels = std::max(stateRewards.size(), actionRewards.size());
            for (uint64_t i = 0; i < numRewardModels; ++i) {
                std::string rewardModelName;
                if (rewardModelNames.size() <= i) {
                    rewardModelName = "rew" + std::to_string(i);
                } else {
                    rewardModelName = rewardModelNames[i];
                }
                boost::optional<std::vector<ValueType>> stateRewardVector, actionRewardVector;
                if (i < stateRewards.size() && !stateRewards[i].empty()) {
                    stateRewardVector = std::move(stateRewards[i]);
                }
                if (i < actionRewards.size() && !actionRewards[i].empty()) {
                    actionRewards[i].resize(row + 1, storm::utility::zero<ValueType>());
                    actionRewardVector = std::move(actionRewards[i]);
                }
                modelComponents->rewardModels.emplace(rewardModelName,
                                                      storm::models::sparse::StandardRewardModel<ValueType>(std::move(stateRewardVector), std::move(actionRewardVector)));
            }
            STORM_LOG_TRACE("Built reward models");
            return modelComponents;
        }

        template<typename ValueType, typename RewardModelType>
        ValueType DirectEncodingParser<ValueType, RewardModelType>::parseValue(std::string const& valueStr, std::unordered_map<std::string, ValueType> const& placeholders,
                                                                               ValueParser<ValueType> const& valueParser) {
            if (boost::starts_with(valueStr, "$")) {
                auto it = placeholders.find(valueStr.substr(1));
                STORM_LOG_THROW(it != placeholders.end(), storm::exceptions::WrongFormatException, "Placeholder " << valueStr << " unknown.");
                return it->second;
            } else {
                // Use default value parser
                return valueParser.parseValue(valueStr);
            }
        }


        // Template instantiations.
        template class DirectEncodingParser<double>;
        template class DirectEncodingParser<storm::RationalNumber>;
        template class DirectEncodingParser<storm::RationalFunction>;

    } // namespace parser
} // namespace storm
