text: 1981 pacific typhoon season the 1981 pacific typhoon season has no official bounds ; it ran year - round in 1981 , but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern pacific ocean between may and november . these dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern pacific ocean . tropical storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the joint typhoon warning center . tropical depressions that enter or form in the philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the philippine atmospheric , geophysical and astronomical services administration or pagasa . this can often result in the same storm having two names . a total of 35 tropical depressions formed this year in the western pacific , of which 29 became tropical storms . of the 29 , 13 storms reached typhoon intensity , of which 2 reached super typhoon strength . seven tropical cyclones moved through the philippines this season . the first tropical cyclone formed on march 11 , with the final tropical cyclone dissipating december 28 . tropical cyclones only accounted for 12 percent of the rainfall in hong kong this season , the lowest percentage for the protectorate since 1972 . season summary the season started with freda , which became the fourth march typhoon for the basin since 1959 . the system passed west of wake island before dissipating on march 17 . gerald formed in mid - april near an upper level low , and recurved just east of guam bringing the island heavy rainfall . holly formed in the middle of the tropical pacific ocean in late april , and dissipated far from land on may 7 . ike was the first system to form in the south china sea , living during the second week of june before recurving across taiwan and becoming an extratropical cyclone . june formed during the third week of june , and moved just east of taiwan before approaching japan as a nontropical cyclone . kelly crossed the philippines on july 1 , moving into vietnam on july 4 . lynn moved nearby the northern philippines before making landfall in mainland china on july 7 . maury tracked near taiwan , china , and eventually vietnam as a remnant low during the third and fourth weeks of july . nina formed on the northeast fringe of maury , also moving into mainland china on july 23 , three days after maury . ogden moved into japan at the end of july , approaching korea early in august . tropical depression 11 formed in the tropical west pacific , dissipating well east of asia on august 2 . phyllis formed and remained southeast of japan on august 3 and august 4 . roy meandered around the south china sea between august 3 and august 9 . susan moved northwest through the open western pacific during the second week of august . thad moved north - northeast through its life cycle , moving through japan on august 23 . vanessa moved northeast through the open western pacific in mid - august . warren moved west - northwest through hainan island and northern vietnam during the third week of august . agnes moved extremely close to eastern china before dissipating on september 1 . bill recurved southeast of japan during the first week of september . clara moved west - northwest near luzon and into mainland china during the third week of september . doyle moved through the central pacific during the third week of september . elsie recurved south of japan during the beginning of october . fabian moved westward through the philippines into vietnam during the second week of october . gay recurved near the japanese coast on october 21 and 22 . a tropical depression moved west - northwest into vietnam on november 11 . hazen moved across the central philippines into mainland china by november 23 . irma moved across the northern philippines and then south of taiwan during late november . jeff recurved east of mainland asia during late november . kit moved erratically westward towards the philippines during mid - december . lee moved across the central philippines , dissipating across the south china sea on december 28 . storms tropical depression typhoon freda freda was the first tropical cyclone in the western pacific in 1981 and the fourth typhoon to occur in march since 1959 . the incipient disturbance was nearly stationary near the gilbert islands for a few days , before drifting northwest and slowly intensifying . during the morning of the march 11 it was upgraded to a tropical depression . it tracked along the periphery of the subtropical ridge with slow development for the next few days . on march 14 intensification became more rapid and freda became a typhoon . passing 120 kilometres ( 75 mi ) west of wake island with maximum sustained winds of 100 knots ( 190 km / h ) intensity , the island sustained wind gusts to typhoon force and waves to 6 metres ( 20 ft ) . as the typhoon moved more northeast , the cyclone weakened , and freda was absorbed by march 17 into another extratropical cyclone . severe tropical storm gerald this cyclone initially formed in response to a mid to upper level cyclone southeast of ponape on april 12 . thunderstorms developed near the upper level system , and an outflow pattern was present on satellite imagery , but a surface circulation did not materialize until april 15 . the system became a tropical depression by that night . steady intensification was seen until around midday on april 17 when a new upper level high formed to its east , inducing southerly vertical wind shear . weakening began while the storm was located about 130 kilometres ( 81 mi ) east of guam late on april 18 . moderate to heavy rainfall did occur on the island , with 76 . 2 millimetres ( 3 . 00 in ) to 127 millimetres ( 5 . 0 in ) being measured . after passing guam , the remaining thunderstorm activity sheared away , leaving a low - level swirl which moved northwest . the cyclone was absorbed by a system approaching in the main belt in the westerlies on april 19 . tropical storm holly a broad area of thunderstorm straddled the equator around the international date line beginning on april 21 . a tropical system in the southern hemisphere was interacting with a strong system in the main belt of the westerlies . around this time , convective increased north of the equator , with a low level circulation forming near 4 ° n 169 ° e late on april 25 . by midday on april 29 it had become a tropical depression as it continued to move westward . holly became a tropical storm on april 30 and almost became a typhoon late on may 1 . southwesterly vertical wind shear began to weaken the cyclone thereafter , causing holly to dissipate over the open pacific ocean . severe tropical storm ike ( ) this cyclone formed in the south china sea at the end of the monsoon transition season . around noon on june 8 a broad area of lowered pressures was seen west of the philippines . moderate northeast wind shear displaced its mid - level center as far as 110 kilometres ( 68 mi ) from the surface center , which retarded development . by midday on june 9 , ike strengthened into a tropical storm . on its closest approach to hong kong , winds gusted to 42 knots ( 78 km / h ) at tate 's cairn . an upper trough in the main belt of the westerlies moved across asia , which turned ike to the northeast . intensification continued as it accelerated , and ike became a typhoon late on june 12 . the cyclone reached its peak intensity as it made landfall on the island of taiwan . weakening substantially over the mountainous island , ike attempted slight tropical redevelopment before it became an extratropical cyclone late on the morning of june 14 . eight perished due to ike , four from taiwan and four from the philippines . typhoon june ( kuring ) a tropical upper tropospheric trough ( tutt ) was located over the philippine sea early in june . in response , a tropical disturbance formed in palau . an upper cyclone to the disturbance 's northeast led to development of the disturbance . as the tutt cell moved to the disturbance 's northwest , intensification sped up and a low level circulation center formed on june 15 about 320 kilometres ( 200 mi ) north of palau . by the afternoon of june 17 , the cyclone had become a tropical storm . june tracked northwest towards taiwan , and by late on june 19 , had reached its maximum intensity as a typhoon . about 75 kilometres ( 47 mi ) southeast of taipei , june recurved to the north , and gradually weakened . while approaching japan , the cyclone linked up with a frontal boundary and became an extratropical cyclone late on june 22 . severe tropical storm kelly ( ) a tropical disturbance organized into a tropical depression east of the philippines on june 28 . it tracked westward , reaching tropical storm on june 30 before hitting the central philippines . kelly weakened over the islands , but restrengthened in the south china sea , attaining typhoon status on july 2 . the typhoon hit southern hainan island on july 3 , bringing wind gusts to 54 knots ( 100 km / h ) at tate 's cairn in hong kong . the cyclone then crossed the gulf of tonkin as a weakening tropical storm , and made landfall on northern vietnam on july 4 as a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 35 knots ( 65 km / h ) . kelly dissipated the next day , after causing torrential flooding and mudslides , resulting in 200 casualties and leaving thousands homeless . severe tropical storm lynn ( elang ) on the morning of june 27 , an area of enhanced thunderstorm activity was spotted just south of ponape along a weak portion of the monsoon trough . as tropical storm kelly led to some vertical wind shear over the system , the disturbance was slow to organize . a low pressure area formed late on june 29 . by late on july 2 , kelly 's negative influence on the disturbance abated , allowing for further development . early on july 3 , the system developed into a tropical depression , and by afternoon lynn was a tropical storm . previously moving at a fast pace to the west , the cyclone slowed as it passed by the northern fringe of the philippines . inflow from the south china sea led to convection focusing in the terrain of the philippines , which distorted lynn 's convective pattern . lynn was the second tropical cyclone is three days to impact the philippines . the cyclone took 30 hours to track across the northern portion of the archipelago . it took until late on july 4 for the storm to recover from its philippine interaction and redevelop a central dense overcast and quicken its pace to the west across luzon . turning northwest across the south china sea , light to moderate easterly wind shear prevented lynn 's development into a typhoon . the cyclone struck chuan - tao , china early on july 7 . very heavy rainfall led to mudslides which took 22 lives and left tens of thousands homeless . in hong kong , winds gusted to 78 knots ( 144 km / h ) at tai o , and a total of 118 . 0 millimetres ( 4 . 65 in ) of rainfall was recorded at cheung chau . tropical depression goring severe tropical storm maury ( huling ) on the morning of july 14 , satellite imagery revealed an area of convection about 205 kilometres ( 127 mi ) north - northwest of yap . by late on july 16 , a mid - level center has formed in association with the thunderstorm complex , which was moving northwest . ship reports indicated the system had become a tropical storm by the morning of july 18 . southwesterly vertical wind shear impacted maury , which led to its tilting to the northeast with height . by early on july 19 the wind shear lessened , and the cyclone 's structure improved . while approaching china , a strong ridge to its northwest deflected the storm on a more westerly heading , sending the center toward taiwan . this ridge also led to weak east - northeasterly vertical wind shear , which halted development . by late on july 19 , the cyclone 's center moved ashore northern taiwan . heavy rains led to significant flooding and the loss of 38 lives . moving through the formosa strait as a weak tropical storm , maury made a second landfall near fu - chou , china on the morning of july 20 . its remains were dragged southwest by an upper cyclone to its southeast back into the gulf of tonkin . by late on july 23 , the circulation center moved back to the north near yin - chou , china and dissipated inland late on july 24 . its former thunderstorm activity decoupled from the surface center while still offshore and moved inland near nam dinh , vietnam before dissipating over laos late on july 24 . tropical storm nina ( ibiang ) the eastern portion of the large convective mass from maury led to nina 's formation . it was first noted late on july 20 to the east of taiwan . as it moved northwest around northern taiwan late on the morning of july 22 . by late afternoon a surface low formed with enough convective activity to be designated a tropical depression . moving northwest at 12 knots ( 22 km / h ) , the cyclone briefly became a tropical storm before nearly land and weakening back into a tropical depression . early on the morning of july 23 , its center made landfall northwest of hsia - p 'u , china before quickly dissipating in mountainous terrain inland . severe tropical storm ogden an area of convection active for the previous 48 hours led to the formation of a low level circulation near 23 ° n 151 ° e early on july 27 . gradual intensification ensued , and the system developed into a tropical depression that evening , a tropical storm on july 28 , and a typhoon by july 31 as it moved west - northwest . the cyclone struck southern kyūshū , in japan , early on july 31 which weakened the cyclone . the tropical storm then moved into the east china sea which continuing to spin down . upper level wind shear took its toll , leading to its weakening into a tropical depression and its ultimate dissipation in the yellow sea along the west coast of korea . tropical depression luming tropical storm 11w both tropical depression 11w and tropical storm phyllis were associated with the same synoptic scale feature , similar to maury and nina . on july 30 the monsoon trough extended from the northern marianas islands southeast toward palau . two circulations were at opposite ends of the trough . tropical depression 11w formed north of guam late on july 31 . moving northeast , the tropical depression experienced vertical wind shear as the upper anticyclone fostering development accelerated faster than the tropical depression . this led to dissipation by late morning on august 2 . severe tropical storm phyllis a second circulation along the monsoon trough which spawned tropical depression 11w was noted north of palau . by late on august 3 it had developed into tropical storm phyllis . tracking northward at 11 knots ( 20 km / h ) , the cyclone intensified slowly due to westerly vertical wind shear . increased vertical wind shear from the southeast and cooler sea surface temperatures led to the decline of phyllis late on august 4 , and it dissipated as a tropical cyclone early on august 5 . its remains tracked northeast , merging with an extratropical cyclone offshore japan . eleven perished during phyllis , with 22 , 500 people being left homeless across japan . tropical storm roy ( miling ) the initial disturbance formed east of vietnam during the first few days of august . by august 2 , a low level circulation was present . moving slowly to the north , the low pressure area developed central convection . by late on august 4 , the disturbance strengthened into a tropical depression before reaching tropical storm strength on august 5 . easterly shear began soon afterwards , and roy 's circulation center became exposed well to the east of the main convection . this caused its subsequent weakening and dissipation before reaching hainan island . winds gusted to 41 knots ( 76 km / h ) on the northwest side of hong kong 's airport . severe tropical storm susan the monsoon trough became well - established along 20 degrees north latitude . to the east of phyllis , part of the monsoon trough shifted east towards wake island while the western portion moved north with phyllis . early on august 7 , a tropical disturbance was noted about 110 kilometres ( 68 mi ) north of wake island . during this time , wake experienced gale - force winds and heavy rainfall . the low level center became exposed for a time , though gales continued . by late on august 8 , convection at the edge of the surface low strengthened as the vertical wind shear weakened . at this point , the gale center was deemed to be a tropical cyclone , and was named susan . the storm tracked north until reaching 30 degrees north latitude , before turning northwest towards a weak cold front . early on august 11 , susan entrained cooler and drier air from behind the frontal zone which led to a significant reduction in thunderstorm activity . a warm core ridge building to its northeast forced the storm on a more west - northwest course , and as a second cold front approached , susan recurved into the boundary , becoming an extratropical cyclone during the late morning of august 13 . tropical depression narsing typhoon thad ( openg ) an active monsoon trough spawned three tropical cyclones within 48 hours beginning on august 16 . thad was the first of the trio , initially noted on august 10 near 18 ° n 130 ° e. on august 15 , limited outflow was witnessed over its low level circulation . the system developed into a tropical depression late on august 16 . thad moved north and northeast , maturing into a typhoon by late morning on august 18 . on august 22 thad accelerated northward between a subtropical ridge to its east and a deepening shortwave to its west , striking eastern japan with a forward motion near 45 knots ( 83 km / h ) . thereafter , the cyclone rapidly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by late on august 23 . twenty died during thad 's passage of japan . severe tropical storm vanessa this system developed about 110 kilometres ( 68 mi ) south of marcus island near the merger of the monsoon trough and a sharp surface trough brought into the region by susan . thunderstorm activity increased in the area on august 12 , the next system up the monsoon trough from thad . once vanessa freed itself from nearby troughs of low pressure , it lost one of its primary outflow channels and its northeastward movement subsequently exposed the system to the main belt of the westerlies . within two days of formation as a tropical cyclone , vanessa was already devoid of convection and transitioning to an extratropical cyclone on the morning of august 19 . the exposed surface circulation was tracked an additional couple days , merging with a mid - latitude system near 40 ° n 165 ° e on the morning of august 21 . tropical storm warren the initial disturbance which led to warren 's formation formed within the monsoon trough on august 14 . strong northeasterly wind shear halted further development for the next few days . by august 17 the vertical wind shear relaxed , and thunderstorms increased south of the center . moving slowly westward , the system became a tropical storm on the afternoon of august 18 . warren tracked over hainan island , and into the gulf of tonkin . intensification renewed , but maximum sustained winds leveled off at 45 knots ( 83 km / h ) . the cyclone made its final landfall near nam dinh , vietnam on august 20 and dissipated rapidly that evening . typhoon agnes ( pining ) on august 23 , a well - defined tropical upper tropospheric trough moved westward from the international date line . on august 24 , a surface cyclone developed in its vicinity near wake island . an extensive area of disorganized thunderstorm activity developed on its southwest side initially . as the convection moved westward , upper level outflow improved northeast of guam . a well - defined mid - level cyclone passed just north of the island on the morning of august 26 . a low level center began to form as the area moved northwest of guam . by the early morning of august 27 , a tropical depression had formed about 600 kilometres ( 370 mi ) west - northwest of guam . development continued , and the system became a tropical storm that evening . moving west - northwestward , agnes became a typhoon on the morning of august 29 . the following day , the intensifying typhoon passed 165 kilometres ( 103 mi ) southwest of okinawa . entering a region of hostile northerly vertical wind shear , agnes began to weaken . its central convection was almost completely gone by the morning of september 2 . agnes remained well south of korea until september 3 , when it unleashed a torrent of rainfall , the heaviest of the 20th century up to that time , when 711 . 2 millimetres ( 28 . 00 in ) fell upon the peninsula . agnes ' remains passed through the korea strait into the sea of japan by september 4 . a total of 139 lives were taken by agnes . typhoon bill the initial disturbance formed about 550 kilometres ( 340 mi ) east - southeast of marcus island on september 1 . a compact system , with an area of central convection 280 kilometres ( 170 mi ) wide , bill rapidly spun up into a tropical storm on september 3 , and typhoon on september 4 . its central pressure was quite high for winds of that intensity due to the pressure gradient between the cyclone and the subtropical ridge to its northeast . the typhoon followed a classic parabolic track around the periphery of the subtropical ridge east of japan , weakening back into a tropical storm on september 7 . rapid extratropical transition occurred as bill interacted with the main belt of the westerlies , and by midnight , bill became an extratropical cyclone . typhoon clara ( rubing ) the monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression on september 13 well east of the philippines . the depression moved to the west - northwest , strengthening into a tropical storm on september 16 and a typhoon on september 18 . clara rapidly intensified to peak winds of 120 knots ( 220 km / h ) on september 19 before brushing northern luzon . its circulation disrupted , clara steadily weakened as it continued to the northwest , hitting southeast china on the 21st as a typhoon with winds of 70 knots ( 130 km / h ) . in hong kong , winds gusted to 51 knots ( 94 km / h ) at cheung chau . clara caused extensive damage and 141 deaths , leaving thousands homeless from the heavy rains . typhoon doyle like bill , doyle was a midget typhoon that spent its life out over the open pacific ocean . its initial disturbance was first detected near 25 ° n 178 ° e on september 18 . the cyclone built down to the surface while moving westward , and doyle became a tropical storm on the afternoon of september 20 and a typhoon the following day . recurving around the subtropical ridge , doyle accelerated rapidly northeastward , weakening over cool waters as it was merging with a frontal zone and becoming an extratropical cyclone during the early morning of september 24 near 39 ° n 172 ° e. super typhoon elsie ( tasing ) the monsoon trough became diffuse on september 19 and september 20 in the wake of typhoons clara and doyle . a small thunderstorm area formed near 8 ° n 150 ° e late on the morning of september 22 , which slowly developed into a tropical depression early on september 25 . development was steady into a tropical storm later that day , a typhoon on the morning of september 26 , and a super typhoon during the afternoon of september 27 , maintaining that intensity into september 30 . elsie moved on a parabolic curve around the subtropical ridge to its northeast and east , moving offshore japan as a typhoon on october 1 and october 2 . by october 2 , interaction with the upper trough which led to its recurvature also transitioned the typhoon into an extratropical cyclone . tropical depression saling tropical storm fabian ( ) an area of active yet disorganized thunderstorm activity was located northeast of palau on october 6 . moving westward over the next several days , there was little change in organization until is approached samar island . passing over the philippines , it lost what convection it did have near the center , yet let to very heavy rainfall and flooding though a surface circulation was not apparent . once the disturbance entered the south china sea , it redeveloped and reached tropical depression strength on the afternoon of october 13 . it crossed the sea and struck cam ranh bay , vietnam . by october 15 , the cyclone had dissipated inland . typhoon gay ( ) the system formed within a very large area of thunderstorm activity . the system originally had a large circulation center , which led to problems in fixing its center via satellite imagery . the development of a large eye on october 20 finally led to the tracking of a more definitive , well - defined , circulation center . the typhoon brought relief to drought conditions in okinawa , when 150 millimetres ( 5 . 9 in ) of rainfall fell there are the circulation center of gay moved by about 175 kilometres ( 109 mi ) to their southeast . as it continued moving towards japan , the center passed only 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) from tokyo , bringing significant rainfall to central portions of the island archipelago . the typhoon ultimately merged with a second low pressure system moving eastward to the north of japan . tropical depression this system was recognized by the hong kong royal observatory . a tropical depression formed in the south china sea on november 7 , and moved inland into vietnam on the 10th . typhoon hazen ( ) a tropical disturbance developed along a trough east of guam . its circulation improved , and a low pressure center formed on november 13 . it became a tropical depression by the morning of november 14 , and a tropical storm that evening . moving on a general westward track across the western pacific , it moved over northern saipan on the afternoon of november 15 , bringing gusts approaching typhoon force . hazen moved about 110 kilometres ( 68 mi ) north of guam before reaching typhoon strength on early on november 16 . its intensity fluctuated on november 17 and november 18 as hazen interacted with a nearby frontal zone . weakening as it neared the philippines , hazen moved just south of catanduanes island , entering the south china sea . never recovering from the mountainous archipelago , hazen struck vietnam about 280 kilometres ( 170 mi ) east - northeast of hanoi , and dissipated as it entered southeast china . super typhoon irma ( anding ) super typhoon irma developed from the near - equatorial trough on november 17 . as a tropical depression , it headed westward , and steadily intensified , first to a tropical storm on november 19 , later to a typhoon on november 20 . irma quickly strengthened on november 22 to a super typhoon with maximum winds of 135 knots ( 250 km / h ) , but its outflow was disrupted by the philippines to the southwest . irma hit the northern philippines on november 24 with maximum sustained winds of 85 knots ( 157 km / h ) , and rapidly weakened over the country . as a weakened tropical storm , irma turned northeastward , where it was absorbed by a cold front on november 27 . a total of 409 fatalities and $ 9 million in damage ( 1981 usd ) can be attributed to the typhoon . tropical storm jeff ( ) a distinct surface circulation formed by november 18 . jeff became a tropical storm on november 23 on the heels of irma and approaching guam . it navigating through a break in the subtropical ridge and dissipated over cooler waters on november 26 due to increasing vertical wind shear well to the south of japan . typhoon kit ( ) a strong and long lived tropical cyclone for december , the initial low level center for the system formed southwest of ponape on december 4 . by december 7 , it had moved southwest of truk without further development . by the morning of december 10 , its structure was improving , and by the next afternoon a tropical depressions had formed . late on december 11 , it had evolved into a tropical storm . a slow moving system , kit shifted from the northwest to a westerly heading , passing just south of guam without any further development . intensification resumed on the following two days reaching its first peak in intensity on december 16 . the storm moved sharply northward for a second time at a slow rate of motion before resuming its westward motion due to a northeast surge in the trade winds . reintensification occurred as the upper trough to its north acted as an outflow channel . kit reached its peak intensity on the evening of december 17 before increasing westerlies aloft began to weaken the cyclone . on december 20 , the surface circulation began to emerge south of its central convection . thereafter , kit was steered the low - level flow to the south and southwest as a deck of stratocumulus . on december 21 . kit became a tropical depression once more and by afternoon no longer qualified as a tropical cyclone . late on december 22 , the low level cloud swirl moved into mindanao before dissipating . typhoon lee ( dinang ) while kit was dissipating in the western philippine sea on december 21 , a disturbed area of weather organized west of truk . strong previously diverted into kit closed off a portion of the monsoon trough , with near gale - force winds wrapping around the convection . development continued , and by the afternoon of december 22 , the system became classified as a tropical depression . tropical storm status was achieved that night . moving west - northwest , lee intensified rapidly into a typhoon on december 23 and reaching its peak intensity by december 24 . rapid weakening began as lee crossed the philippines , and the cyclone was once again a tropical storm by december 25 ( christmas day ) . on december 28 , all of the cyclone 's convection was removed well east of the circulation center due to moderate to strong westerly vertical wind shear . turning to the north , lee dissipated as a tropical cyclone around 280 kilometres ( 170 mi ) south of hong kong . a total of 188 perished during the cyclone 's passage . storm names during the season 28 named tropical cyclones developed in the western pacific and were named by the joint typhoon warning center , when it was determined that they had become tropical storms . these names were contributed to a revised list which started on 1979 . philippines the philippine atmospheric , geophysical and astronomical services administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility . pagasa assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility . should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient , names are taken from an auxiliary list , the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts . names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1985 season . this is the same list used for the 1977 season . pagasa uses its own naming scheme that starts in the filipino alphabet , with names of filipino female names ending with " ng " ( a , b , k , d , etc . ) . names that were not assigned / going to use are marked in gray . retirement it is unknown , but possibly due to damage , the name hazen was retired and was later replaced by hal , which was first used in the 1985 season . season effects this table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern pacific ocean west of the international date line and north of the equator during 1981 . it will include their intensity , duration , name , areas affected , deaths , and damage totals . classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the jma , the jtwc , and / or pagasa . peak wind speeds are in ten - minute sustained standards unless otherwise noted . all damage figures will be in 1981 usd . damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low .