text: roger waters george roger waters ( born 6 september 1943 ) is an english singer , songwriter , multi - instrumentalist , and composer . in 1965 , he co - founded the progressive rock band pink floyd with drummer nick mason , keyboardist rick wright and guitarist , singer , and songwriter syd barrett . waters initially served as the group 's bassist , but following the departure of barrett in 1968 , he also became their lyricist , conceptual leader and co - lead vocalist . waters had the 9th widest vocal range on a list of over 150 contemporary rock & pop singers , with a total range of b1 - c7 , with the magazine commenting " he 's not a tenor , he 's a mutation . " pink floyd subsequently achieved international success with the concept albums the dark side of the moon , wish you were here , animals , and the wall . by the early 1980s , they had become one of the most critically acclaimed and best - selling acts in the history of popular music ; as of 2013 , they have sold more than 250 million albums worldwide , including 75 million units sold in the united states . amid creative differences within the group , waters left in 1985 and began a legal dispute with the remaining members over their intended use of the band 's name and material . they settled out of court in 1987 , and nearly eighteen years passed before he performed with them again . waters ' solo career has included three studio albums : the pros and cons of hitch hiking , radio k.a.o.s. and amused to death . in 1990 , he staged one of the largest and most extravagant rock concerts in history , the wall – live in berlin , with an official attendance of 200 , 000 . as a member of pink floyd , he was inducted into the u.s. rock and roll hall of fame in 1996 and the uk music hall of fame in 2005 . that same year he released ça ira , an opera in three acts translated from étienne and nadine roda - gils ' libretto about the french revolution . later that year , he reunited with pink floyd bandmates mason , wright and david gilmour for the live 8 global awareness event ; it was the group 's first appearance with waters since 1981 . he has toured extensively as a solo act since 1999 and played the dark side of the moon in its entirety for his world tour of 2006 – 2008 . in 2010 , he began the wall live and in 2011 gilmour and mason appeared with him during a performance of the double - album in london . as of 2013 , the tour is the highest - grossing of all time by a solo artist . 1943 – 1964 : early years george roger waters was born on 6 september 1943 , the younger of two boys , to mary ( née whyte ; 1913 – 2009 ) and eric fletcher waters ( 1914 – 1944 ) , in great bookham , surrey . his father , the son of a coal miner and labour party activist , was a schoolteacher , a devout christian , and a communist party member . in the early years of the second world war , his father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the blitz . he later changed his stance on pacifism and joined the british army , and as a of the 8th royal fusiliers died at aprilia , between anzio and rome in italy , on 18 february 1944 , when roger was five months old . on 19 february 2014 , waters unveiled a monument to his father and other war casualties there , and was made an honorary citizen of anzio . following her husband 's death , mary waters , also a teacher , moved with her two sons to cambridge and raised them there . roger waters ' earliest memory is of the vj day celebrations . mary waters died in 2009 , aged 96 . waters attended morley memorial junior school in cambridge and then the cambridgeshire high school for boys ( now hills road sixth form college ) with syd barrett , while his future musical partner , david gilmour , lived nearby on the city 's mill road , and attended the school . at 15 , waters was chairman of the cambridge youth campaign for nuclear disarmament ( ) , having designed its publicity poster and participated in its organisation . though he was a keen sportsman and a highly regarded member of the high school 's cricket and rugby teams , he disliked his educational experience ; according to waters , " i hated every second of it , apart from games . the regime at school was a very oppressive one ... the same kids who are susceptible to bullying by other kids are also susceptible to bullying by the teachers . " whereas waters knew barrett and gilmour from his childhood in cambridge , he met future pink floyd founder members nick mason and richard wright in london at the regent street polytechnic ( later the university of westminster ) school of architecture . waters enrolled there in 1962 , after a series of aptitude tests indicated he was well - suited to that field . he had initially considered a career in mechanical engineering . 1965 – 1985 : pink floyd formation and barrett - led period by september 1963 , waters and mason had lost interest in their studies ; they had moved into the lower flat of stanhope gardens , owned by mike leonard , a part - time tutor at the regent street polytechnic . waters , mason and wright first played music together in late 1963 , in a band formed by vocalist keith noble and bassist clive metcalfe . they usually called themselves sigma 6 , but also used the name the meggadeaths . waters played rhythm guitar and mason played drums , wright played on any keyboard he could arrange to use , and noble 's sister provided an occasional vocal accompaniment . in the early years the band performed during private functions and rehearsed in a tearoom in the basement of regent street polytechnic . when metcalfe and noble left to form their own group in september 1963 , the remaining members asked barrett and guitarist bob klose to join . waters switched to the bass and by january 1964 , the group became known as the abdabs , or the screaming abdabs . during late 1964 , the band used the names leonard 's lodgers , spectrum five , and eventually , the tea set . sometime during late 1965 , the tea set began calling itself the pink floyd sound , later the pink floyd blues band and by early 1966 , pink floyd . by early 1966 barrett was pink floyd 's front - man , guitarist , and songwriter . he wrote or co - wrote all but one track of their debut lp the piper at the gates of dawn , released in august 1967 . waters contributed the song " take up thy stethoscope and walk " ( his first sole writing credit ) to the album . by late 1967 , barrett 's deteriorating mental health and increasingly erratic behaviour , rendered him " unable or unwilling " to continue in his capacity as pink floyd 's singer - songwriter and lead guitarist . in early march 1968 pink floyd met with managers peter jenner and andrew king of blackhill enterprises to discuss the band 's future . barrett agreed to leave pink floyd , and the band " agreed to blackhill 's entitlement in perpetuity " regarding " past activities " . the band 's new manager steve o 'rourke made a formal announcement about the departure of barrett and the arrival of david gilmour in april 1968 . waters - led period filling the void left by barrett 's departure in march 1968 , waters began to chart pink floyd 's artistic direction . he became the principal songwriter , lyricist and co - lead vocalist ( along with gilmour , and at times , wright ) , and would remain the band 's dominant creative figure until his departure in 1985 . he wrote the lyrics to the five pink floyd albums preceding his own departure , starting with the dark side of the moon ( 1973 ) and ending with the final cut ( 1983 ) , while exerting progressively more creative control over the band and its music . every waters studio album since the dark side of the moon has been a concept album . with lyrics written entirely by waters , the dark side of the moon was one of the most commercially successful rock albums ever . it spent 736 straight weeks on the billboard 200 chart — until july 1988 — and sold over 40 million copies worldwide . it was continuing to sell over 8 , 000 units every week as of 2005 . according to pink floyd biographer glen povey , dark side is the world 's second best - selling album , and the united states ' 21st best - selling album of all time . waters produced thematic ideas that became the impetus for the pink floyd concept albums the dark side of the moon ( 1973 ) , wish you were here ( 1975 ) , animals ( 1977 ) and the wall ( 1979 ) — written largely by waters — and the final cut ( 1983 ) — written entirely by waters . he referred or alluded to the cost of war and the loss of his father throughout his work , from " corporal clegg " ( a saucerful of secrets , 1968 ) and " free four " ( obscured by clouds , 1972 ) to " us and them " from the dark side of the moon , " when the tigers broke free " , first used in the feature film , the wall ( 1982 ) , later included with " the fletcher memorial home " on the final cut , an album dedicated to his father . the theme and composition of the wall was influenced by his upbringing in an english society depleted of men after the second world war . the double album the wall was written almost entirely by waters and is largely based on his life story , and having sold over 23 million riaa certified units in the us as of 2013 , is one of the top three best - selling albums of all time in america , according to riaa . pink floyd hired bob ezrin to co - produce the album , and cartoonist gerald scarfe to illustrate the album 's sleeve art . the band embarked on the wall tour of los angeles , new york , london , and dortmund . the last band performance of the wall was on 16 june 1981 , at earls court london , and this was pink floyd 's last appearance with waters until the band 's brief reunion at 2 july 2005 live 8 concert in london 's hyde park , 24 years later . in march 1983 , the last waters – gilmour – mason collaboration , the final cut , was released . the album was subtitled : " a requiem for the post - war dream by roger waters , performed by pink floyd " . waters wrote all the album 's lyrics as well as the music . his lyrics were critical of the conservative party government of the day and mention prime minister margaret thatcher by name . at the time gilmour did not have any new material , so he asked waters to delay the recording until he could write some songs , but waters refused . according to mason , after power struggles within the band and creative arguments about the album , gilmour 's name " disappeared " from the production credits , though he retained his pay . rolling stone magazine gave the album five stars , with kurt loder describing it as " a superlative achievement " and " art rock 's crowning masterpiece " . loder viewed the work as " essentially a roger waters solo album " . amidst creative differences within the group , waters left pink floyd in 1985 , and began a legal battle with the remaining band members regarding their continued use of the name and material . in december 1985 , waters " issued a statement to emi and cbs invoking the ' leaving member ' clause " on his contract . in october 1986 , he initiated high court proceedings to formally dissolve the pink floyd partnership . in his submission to the high court he called pink floyd a " spent force creatively " . gilmour and mason opposed the application and announced their intention to continue as pink floyd . waters claims to have been forced to resign much like wright some years earlier , and he decided to leave pink floyd based on legal considerations , stating " ... because , if i hadn 't , the financial repercussions would have wiped me out completely . " in december 1987 , an agreement between waters and pink floyd was reached . according to mason : we eventually formalised a settlement with roger . on christmas eve , 1987 , ... david and roger convened for a summit meeting on the houseboat [ the astoria ] with jerome walton , david 's accountant . jerome painstakingly typed out the bones of a settlement . essentially — although there was far more complex detail — the arrangement allowed roger to be freed from his arrangement with steve [ o 'rourke ] , and david and me to continue working under the name pink floyd . in the end the court accepted jerome 's version as the final and binding document and duly stamped it . waters was released from his contractual obligation with o 'rourke , and he retained the copyrights to the wall concept and the inflatable animals pig . pink floyd released three studio albums without waters : a momentary lapse of reason ( 1987 ) , the division bell ( 1994 ) and the endless river ( 2014 ) . by 2013 , pink floyd had sold over 250 million albums worldwide , including 74 . 5 million riaa certified units in the us . 1984 – present : solo career 1984 – 1996 following the release of the final cut , waters embarked on a solo career that produced three concept albums and a movie soundtrack . in 1984 , he released his first solo album , the pros and cons of hitch hiking , a project about a man 's dreams across one night that dealt with waters ' feelings about monogamy and family life versus " the call of the wild " . in the end the character , reg , chooses love and matrimony over promiscuity . the album featured guitarist eric clapton , jazz saxophonist david sanborn , and artwork by gerald scarfe . kurt loder described the pros and cons of hitch hiking as a " strangely static , faintly hideous record " . rolling stone rated the album a " rock bottom " one star . " years later , mike degagne of allmusic praised the album for its , " ingenious symbolism " and " brilliant use of stream of consciousness within a subconscious realm " , rating it four out of five stars . waters began touring in support of the new album , aided by clapton , a new band , new material , and a selection of pink floyd favourites . waters débuted his tour in stockholm on 16 june 1984 . poor ticket sales plagued the tour , and some of the larger venues had to be cancelled . by his own estimate , he lost £ 400 , 000 on the tour . in march 1985 , waters went to north america to play smaller venues with the pros and cons plus some old pink floyd stuff — north america tour 1985 . the pros and cons of hitch hiking has been certified gold by the riaa . in 1986 , waters contributed songs and a score to the soundtrack of the animated movie when the wind blows , based on the raymond briggs book of the same name . his backing band featuring paul carrack was credited as the bleeding heart band . in 1987 , waters released radio k.a.o.s. , a concept album based on a mute man named billy from an impoverished welsh mining town who has the ability to physically tune into radio waves in his head . billy first learns to communicate with a radio dj , and eventually to control the world 's computers . angry at the state of the world in which he lives , he simulates a nuclear attack . waters followed the release with a supporting tour also in 1987 . in november 1989 , the berlin wall fell , and in july 1990 waters staged one of the largest and most elaborate rock concerts in history , the wall – live in berlin , on the vacant terrain between potsdamer platz and the brandenburg gate . the show reported an official attendance of 200 , 000 , though some estimates are as much as twice that , with approximately one billion television viewers . leonard cheshire asked him to do the concert to raise funds for charity . waters ' group of musicians included joni mitchell , van morrison , cyndi lauper , bryan adams , scorpions , and sinéad o 'connor . waters also used an east german symphony orchestra and choir , a soviet marching band , and a pair of helicopters from the us 7th airborne command and control squadron . designed by mark fisher , the wall was 25 metres tall and 170 metres long and was built across the set . scarfe 's inflatable puppets were recreated on an enlarged scale , and although many rock icons received invitations to the show , gilmour , mason , and wright , did not . waters released a concert double album of the performance which has been certified platinum by the riaa . in 1990 , waters hired manager mark fenwick and left emi for a worldwide deal with columbia . he released his third studio album , amused to death , in 1992 . the record is heavily influenced by the events of the tiananmen square protests of 1989 and the gulf war , and a critique of the notion of war becoming the subject of entertainment , particularly on television . the title was derived from the book amusing ourselves to death by neil postman . patrick leonard , who worked on a momentary lapse of reason , co - produced the album . jeff beck played lead guitar on many of the album 's tracks , which were recorded with an impressive cast of musicians at ten different recording studios . it is waters ' most critically acclaimed solo recording , garnering some comparison to his previous work with pink floyd . waters described the record as , a " stunning piece of work " , ranking the album with dark side of the moon and the wall as one of the best of his career . the album had one hit , the song " what god wants , pt . 1 " , which reached number 35 in the uk in september 1992 and number 5 on billboard 's mainstream rock tracks chart in the us . amused to death was certified silver by the british phonographic industry . sales of amused to death topped out at around one million and there was no tour in support of the album . waters would first perform material from it seven years later during his in the flesh tour . in 1996 , waters was inducted into the us and uk rock and roll halls of fame as a member of pink floyd . 1999 – 2004 in 1999 , after a 12 - year hiatus from touring , and a seven - year absence from the music industry , waters embarked on the in the flesh tour , performing both solo and pink floyd material . the tour was a financial success in the us and though waters had booked mostly smaller venues , tickets sold so well that many of the concerts were upgraded to larger ones . the tour eventually stretched across the world and would span three years . a concert film was released on cd and dvd , named in the flesh – live . during the tour , he played two new songs " flickering flame " and " each small candle " as the final encore to many of the shows . in june 2002 , he completed the tour with a performance in front of 70 , 000 people at the glastonbury festival of performing arts , playing 15 pink floyd songs and five songs from his solo catalogue . miramax announced in mid - 2004 that a production of the wall was to appear on broadway with waters playing a prominent role in the creative direction . reports stated that the musical contained not only the original tracks from the wall , but also songs from dark side of the moon , wish you were here and other pink floyd albums , as well as new material . on the night of 1 may 2004 , recorded extracts from the opera , including its overture , were played on the occasion of the welcome europe celebrations in the accession country of malta . gert hof mixed recorded excerpts from the opera into a continuous piece of music which was played as an accompaniment to a large light and fireworks display over grand harbour in valletta . in july 2004 , waters released two new tracks on the internet : " to kill the child " , inspired by the 2003 invasion of iraq , and " leaving beirut " , an anti - war song " inspired by his travels in the middle east as a teenager " . 2005 – present in july 2005 , waters reunited with mason , wright , and gilmour for what would be their final performance together at the 2005 live 8 concert in london 's hyde park , pink floyd 's only appearance with waters since their final performance of the wall at earls court london 24 years earlier . they played a 23 - minute set consisting of " speak to me / breathe " / " breathe ( reprise ) " , " money " , " wish you were here " , and " comfortably numb " . waters told the associated press that while the experience of playing with pink floyd again was positive , the chances of a bona fide reunion would be " slight " considering his and gilmour 's continuing musical and ideological differences . though waters had differing ideas about which songs they should play , he " agreed to roll over for one night only " , gilmour told the associated press , " the rehearsals convinced me it wasn 't something i wanted to be doing a lot of . there have been all sorts of farewell moments in people 's lives and careers which they have then rescinded , but i think i can fairly categorically say that there won 't be a tour or an album again that i take part in . it isn 't to do with animosity or anything like that . it 's just that ... i 've been there , i 've done it . " in november 2005 , pink floyd were inducted into the uk music hall of fame by pete townshend of the who . in september 2005 , waters released ça ira ( pronounced [ sa ] , french for " it will be fine " ; waters added the subtitle , " there is hope " ) , an opera in three acts translated from the late étienne roda - gil 's french libretto based on the historical subject of the french revolution . ça ira was released as a double cd album , featuring baritone bryn terfel , soprano ying huang and tenor paul groves . set during the early french revolution , the original libretto was co - written in french by roda - gil and his wife nadine delahaye . waters had begun rewriting the libretto in english in 1989 , and said about the composition : " i 've always been a big fan of beethoven 's choral music , berlioz and borodin ... this is unashamedly romantic and resides in that early 19th - century tradition , because that 's where my tastes lie in classical and choral music . " waters appeared on television to discuss the opera , but the interviews often focused instead on his relationship with pink floyd , something waters would " take in stride " , a sign pink floyd biographer mark blake believes to be , " a testament to his mellower old age or twenty years of dedicated psychotherapy " . ça ira reached number 5 on the billboard classical music chart in the united states . in june 2006 , waters commenced the dark side of the moon live tour , a two - year , world - spanning effort that began in europe in june and north america in september . the first half of the show featured both pink floyd songs and waters ' solo material , while the second half included a complete live performance of the 1973 pink floyd album the dark side of the moon , the first time in over three decades that waters had performed the album . the shows ended with an encore from the third side of the wall . he utilised elaborate staging by concert lighting designer marc brickman complete with laser lights , fog machines , pyrotechnics , psychedelic projections , and inflatable floating puppets ( spaceman and pig ) controlled by a " handler " dressed as a butcher , and a full 360 - degree quadraphonic sound system was used . nick mason joined waters for the dark side of the moon set and the encores on select 2006 tour dates . waters continued touring in january 2007 in australia and new zealand , then asia , europe , south america , and back to north america in june . in march 2007 , the waters song , " hello ( i love you ) " was featured in the science fiction film the last . the song plays over the film 's end credits . he released it as a single , on cd and via download , and described it as , " a song that captures the themes of the movie , the clash between humanity 's best and worst instincts , and how a child 's innocence can win the day " . he performed at california 's coachella festival in april 2008 and was to be among the headlining artists performing at live earth 2008 in mumbai , india in december 2008 , but that concert was cancelled in light of the 26 november terrorist attacks in mumbai . waters confirmed the possibility of an upcoming solo album which " might be called " heartland , and has said he has numerous songs written ( some already recorded ) that he intends to release when they are a complete album . in june 2010 , waters released a cover of " we shall overcome " , a protest song rewritten and arranged by guy and pete seeger . he performed with david gilmour at the hoping foundation benefit evening in july 2010 . the four - song set included : " to know him is to love him " , which was played in early pink floyd sound checks , followed by " wish you were here " , " comfortably numb " , and " another brick in the wall ( part two ) " . in september 2010 , waters commenced the wall live tour , an updated version of the original pink floyd shows , featuring a complete performance of the wall . waters told the associated press that the wall tour will likely be his last , stating : " i 'm not as young as i used to be . i 'm not like b.b. king , or muddy waters . i 'm not a great vocalist or a great instrumentalist or whatever , but i still have the fire in my belly , and i have something to say . i have a swan song in me and i think this will probably be it . " at the o2 arena in london on 12 may 2011 , gilmour and mason once again appeared with waters and gilmour performing " comfortably numb " , and gilmour and mason joining waters for " outside the wall " . for the first half of 2012 , waters ' tour topped worldwide concert ticket sales having sold more than 1 . 4 million tickets globally . as of 2013 , the wall live is the highest - grossing tour of all time by a solo artist . waters performed at the concert for sandy relief at madison square garden on 12 december 2012 . on 24 july 2015 , waters headlined the newport folk festival in newport , rhode island . waters was accompanied by the band my morning jacket and two singers from the group lucius . on 3 may 2016 , waters was announced as one of the performers at the desert trip music festival , due to take place from october 7th through the 9th . personal life in 1969 , waters married his childhood sweetheart judy trim , a successful potter ; she was featured on the gatefold sleeve of the original release of ummagumma , but excised from subsequent cd reissues . they had no children together and divorced in 1975 . trim died in 2001 . in 1976 , waters married lady carolyne christie , the niece of the 3rd marquess of zetland . his marriage to christie produced a son , harry waters , a musician who has played keyboards with his father 's touring band since 2006 , and a daughter , india waters , who has worked as a model . christie and waters divorced in 1992 . in 1993 , he married priscilla phillips ; they had one son together , jack fletcher . their marriage ended in 2001 . in 2004 , waters became engaged to actress and filmmaker laurie durning ( born 1963 ) ; the two married on 14 january 2012 and filed for divorce in september 2015 . waters is an atheist . activism after the 2004 indian ocean earthquake and subsequent tsunami disaster , waters performed " wish you were here " with eric clapton during a benefit concert on the american network nbc . he was outspoken against the hunting act of 2004 , and performed a concert for , and attended marches supporting , the countryside alliance . waters explained that whether he supported hunting or not , it was important to defend it as a right . he left the uk soon afterwards . he clarified in october 2005 that he had not left the country in protest against the hunting legislation but for family reasons , and that he often returned to the uk . after leaving britain , he moved to long island in new york with his fiancé laurie durning . in june 2007 , waters became a spokesman for millennium promise , a non - profit organisation that helps fight extreme poverty and malaria . he wrote an opinion piece for cnn in support of the topic . in july , he participated in the american leg of the live earth concert , an international multi - venue concert aimed at raising awareness about global climate change , featuring the trenton youth choir and his trademarked inflatable pig . waters told david fricke why he thinks the wall is still relevant today : the loss of a father is the central prop on which [ the wall ] stands . as the years go by , children lose their fathers again and again , for nothing . you see it now with all these fathers , good men and true , who lost their lives and limbs in iraq for no reason at all . i 've done " bring the boys back home " in my encore on recent tours . it feels more relevant and poignant to be singing that song now than it did in 1979 . in 2012 , waters led a benefit for united states military veterans called stand up for heroes . he invited a music group of combat wounded veterans called to perform with him . in june 2013 , waters and numerous other celebrities appeared in a video showing support for chelsea manning . in june 2009 he spoke against the israeli west bank barrier and later that year , pledged his support to the gaza freedom march . in 2011 he announced that he had joined the boycott , divestment and sanctions ( bds ) movement against israel . he has said he is disillusioned with uk foreign policy towards israel . in october 2010 , after an animated b - 52 bomber had been shown dropping symbols including the star of david and dollar signs as part of the wall live tour , the anti - defamation league ( adl ) criticised the imagery and claimed it was anti - semitic . in response , waters changed the video and wrote an open letter to the independent where he denied he was anti - semitic and distinguished criticism of israel from anti - jewishness . in march 2013 , during an interview with electronic intifada , waters criticised american media for their coverage of israel . for many years , pink floyd concerts and waters concerts have used a pig - shaped balloon painted with political and religious symbols flown overhead during shows while he performs in fascist uniform . in july 2013 , the israeli media complained about the symbolism . the adl 's national director abraham h. foxman has accused him of anti - semitism as has rabbi abraham cooper , associate dean of the simon wiesenthal center . waters stated that cooper 's accusation was bigoted . on 2 october 2015 , waters published an open letter in salon criticising the band bon jovi for performing in tel aviv , which led howard stern to criticise waters on his radio show . equipment and instruments waters ' primary instrument in pink floyd was the electric bass guitar . he briefly played a höfner bass but replaced it with a rickenbacker rm - 1999 / 4001s , until 1970 when it was stolen along with the rest of the band 's equipment in new orleans . he began using fender precision basses in 1968 , originally alongside the rickenbacker 4001 , and then exclusively after the rickenbacker was lost in 1970 . first seen at a concert in hyde park , london in july 1970 , the black p - bass was rarely used until april 1972 when it became his main stage guitar and as of 2 october 2010 , the basis for a fender artist signature model . waters endorses jazz bass 77 flat - wound strings . throughout his career he has used selmer , , hiwatt and ashdown amplifiers but has used ampeg for the last few tours , also employing delay , tremolo , chorus , stereo panning and phaser effects in his bass playing . waters experimented with the ems synthi a and vcs 3 synthesisers on pink floyd pieces such as " on the run " , " welcome to the machine " , and " in the flesh ? " he played electric and acoustic guitar on pink floyd tracks using fender , martin , ovation and washburn guitars . he played electric guitar on the pink floyd song " sheep " , from animals , and acoustic guitar on several pink floyd recordings , such as " pigs on the wing 1 & 2 " , also from animals , " southampton dock " from the final cut , and on " mother " from the wall . a binson echorec 2 echo effect was used on his bass - guitar lead track " one of these days " . waters plays trumpet during concert performances of " outside the wall " . discography the pros and cons of hitch hiking ( 1984 ) radio k.a.o.s. ( 1987 ) amused to death ( 1992 ) ça ira ( 2005 )