text: g. krugers georg eduard albert krugers ( also written as g. kruger ) was a cameraman and film director active in the dutch east indies ( modern indonesia ) during the early 20th century . he is recorded as having worked in film since the mid - 1920s , and in 1927 he made his directorial debut , eulis atjih . he joined hajj pilgrims in 1928 and screened the resulting documentary in the netherlands . his 1930 film karnadi anemer bangkong is thought to be the first talkie in the cinema of the indies , but was a commercial failure as the majority sundanese audience considered it insulting . after making two works for tan 's film in the early 1930s , krugers moved to hong kong , where he died in 1937 . silent film sources disagree regarding much of krugers ' life . j. b. kristanto 's katalog film indonesia lists him as having been born in hong kong , but does not give a year . however , a 1933 newspaper report gave krugers ' age as 43 and his place of birth as banda , and a georg eduard albert krugers is known to be born there in 1890 . krugers is recorded as having been active in film in the mid - 1920s , leading the laboratory at n.v. java film . he may have been one of its founders , together with the dutchman l. heuveldorp . the company exclusively produced documentaries until 1926 , when heuveldorp directed the colony 's first feature film , loetoeng kasaroeng . krugers served as a cameraman for the film , which was based on a sundanese folktale , also processing the film in his laboratory in bandung . the following year , krugers directed his own film , titled eulis atjih , which followed the beautiful eulis atjih as she falls into poverty after being left by her husband . international release emphasised the ethnographic aspects of the film . the film was a commercial failure , but krugers told his backers that the film had recouped its expenses . later that year krugers left java film to form his own company , krugers ( krugers film company ) , by 1928 he was reportedly working on film adaptations of the folktales roro mendut and , although it is not known if he finished them . he did , however , complete a documentary entitled het groote - ( the great mecca feast ) which followed hajj pilgrims from the indies during their trip to mecca . the film premiered in leiden , the netherlands , on november 8 , 1928 . this premiere was attended by numerous dutch socialites , including princess juliana , and given an introduction by dutch orientalist christiaan . talkies the first talkies shown in the indies , fox movietone follies of 1929 and the rainbow man ( both 1929 ) , came from the united states and were screened in late 1929 . this encouraged krugers to make karnadi anemer bangkong ( karnadi the frog contractor ) , an adaptation of the book by , in 1930 . the comedy , made with a single system camera that krugers had obtained with the help of his society of motion picture and television engineers membership , is generally thought the first locally produced talkie released in the country , but had poor technical quality . it was a critical failure , as the majority sundanese audience felt that they were being insulted ; contemporary director joshua wong suggested that this poor reception was partly owing to the main character eating a frog , something which is forbidden for muslims . following this failure , krugers made the documentary atma de ( 1931 ) , which followed queen wilhelmina and prince hendrik on a trip through the hague , before being signed to tan 's film . with tan 's , krugers made two films . first he was asked to handle cinematography on bachtiar effendi 's 1932 talkie njai dasima , an adaptation of g. francis ' 1896 novel tjerita njai dasima ( story of njai dasima ) . he then directed and produced op bevel ( forced to marry ; 1931 ) , which was advertised as featuring songs and comedy . the film was a commercial failure , leading to all rights being acquired by tan 's . he is recorded as planning a further two films , de nona ( of ladies ) and , but neither was made . during 1934 and early 1935 , all feature films released in the dutch east indies had been produced by the teng chun . this situation was created by the great depression , which had led to the dutch east indies government collecting higher taxes , advertisers asking for more money , and cinemas selling tickets at lower prices ; this ensured that there was a very low profit margin for local films . during this period cinemas in the country mainly showed hollywood productions . filmography