Input: What are the symptoms of Hooft disease ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Hooft disease? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hooft disease. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Growth abnormality - Intellectual disability - Leukonychia - Tapetoretinal degeneration - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) Deafness and myopia syndrome ?

Output: Deafness and myopia syndrome is rare condition that affects both hearing and vision. Beginning at birth or in early infancy, people with this condition have moderate to profound hearing loss in both ears that generally becomes worse over time. Affected people also develop severe myopia (nearsightedness) later in infancy or early childhood. Deafness and myopia syndrome is caused by changes (mutations) in the SLITRK6 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Treatment aims to improve hearing loss and correct myopia. Cochlear implantation may be an option for some affected people. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Deafness and myopia syndrome ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Deafness and myopia syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Deafness and myopia syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Conductive hearing impairment - Hematuria - Intellectual disability - Myopia - Proteinuria - Severe Myopia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) Milroy disease ?

Output: Milroy disease is a lymphatic disease that causes swelling (lymphedema) in the lower legs and feet. Lymphedema is usually present at birth or develops in infancy. It typically occurs on both sides of the body and can worsen over time. Other symptoms may include accumulation of fluid in the scrotum in males (hydrocele), upslanting toenails, deep creases in the toes, wart-like growths, prominent leg veins, and/or cellulitis. Milroy disease is sometimes caused by changes (mutations) in the FLT4 gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. In many cases, the cause remains unknown. Treatment may include lymphedema therapy to improve function and alleviate symptoms. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Milroy disease ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Milroy disease? The most common symptom of Milroy disease is build-up of fluids (lymphedema) in the lower limbs, which is usually present from birth or before birth. However, the degree and distribution of swelling varies among affected people. It sometimes progresses, but may improve in some cases. Other signs and symptoms may include hydrocele and/or urethral abnormalities in males; prominent veins; upslanting toenails; papillomatosis (development of wart-like growths); and cellulitis. Cellulitis may cause additional swelling. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Milroy disease. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the amniotic fluid - Abnormality of the nail - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Congenital onset - Hemangioma - Hydrocele testis - Hyperkeratosis over edematous areas - Hypoplasia of lymphatic vessels - Nonimmune hydrops fetalis - Predominantly lower limb lymphedema - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: Is Milroy disease inherited ?

Output: How is Milroy disease inherited? Milroy disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that having one changed (mutated) copy of the responsible gene in each cell is enough to cause symptoms of the condition. When a person with an autosomal dominant condition has children, each child has a 50% (1 in 2) chance to inherit the mutated copy of the gene. Most people with Milroy disease have an affected parent, but some cases are due to new mutations that occur for the first time in the affected person. About 10-15% of people with a mutation in the responsible gene do not develop features of the condition. This phenomenon is called reduced penetrance. </s>


Input: How to diagnose Milroy disease ?

Output: Is genetic testing available for Milroy disease? Yes. The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the labs that offer genetic testing for Milroy disease. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. People with questions about genetic testing should speak with a health care provider or genetics professional. If a mutation in the responsible gene has been identified in a family, genetic testing for at-risk relatives may identify those who may benefit from treatment early in the disease course. Prenatal testing for pregnancies at increased risk may also be available. </s>


Input: What are the treatments for Milroy disease ?

Output: How might Milroy disease be treated? There is currently no cure for Milroy disease. Management is typically conservative and usually successful in most people. Management of lymphedema should be guided by a lymphedema therapist. Some improvement is usually possible with the use of properly fitted compression hosiery or bandaging and well fitting, supportive shoes. Good skin care is essential. These measures may improve the cosmetic appearance of the affected areas, decrease their size, and reduce the risk of complications. Decongestive physiotherapy, which combines compression bandaging, manual lymphatic drainage (a specialized massage technique), exercise, breathing exercises, dietary measures and skin care, has become the standard of care for primary lymphedema. People with recurrent cellulitis may benefit from prophylactic antibiotics. Surgical intervention is considered a last option when other medical management fails. When possible, people with Milroy disease should avoid: wounds to swollen areas (because of their reduced resistance to infection) long periods of immobility prolonged standing elevation of the affected limb certain medications (particularly calcium channel-blocking drugs that can cause increased leg swelling in some people) </s>


Input: What is (are) Orofaciodigital syndrome 2 ?

Output: Orofaciodigital syndrome (OFDS) type 2 is a genetic condition that was first described in 1941 by Mohr. OFDS type 2 belongs to a group of disorders called orofaciodigital syndromes (OFDS) characterized by mouth malformations, unique facial findings, and abnormalities of the fingers and/or toes. Other organs might be affected in OFDS, defining the specific types. OFDS type 2 is very similar to oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFDS) type 1. However, the following are not found in OFDS type 1: (1) absence of hair and skin abnormalities; (2) presence of more than one fused big toe on each foot; (3) involvement of the central nervous system; and (4) heart malformations. Although it is known that OFDS type 2 is genetic, the exact gene that causes the syndrome has not been identified. The condition is believed to be inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Treatment is based on the symptoms present in the patient. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Orofaciodigital syndrome 2 ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Orofaciodigital syndrome 2? Although the signs and symptoms that occur in people with orofaciodigital syndrome type 2 may vary, the following findings may be present:Facial findings Nodules (bumps) of the tongue Cleft lip Thick frenula (a strong cord of tissue that is visible and easily felt if you look in the mirror under your tongue and under your lips) Dystopia canthorum (an unusually wide nasal bridge resulting in widely spaced eyes) Finger and toe findings Clinobrachydactyly (narrow, short fingers and toes) Syndactyly (fused fingers and toes) Polydactyly (presence of more than five fingers on hands and/or five toes on feet) Y-shaped central metacarpal (bone that connects the fingers to the hands) Other possible findings Conductive hearing loss Central nervous system impairments (porencephaly and hydrocephaly) Heart defects (atrioventricular canal [endocardial cushion] defects) The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Orofaciodigital syndrome 2. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Bifid tongue 90% Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Conductive hearing impairment 90% Finger syndactyly 90% Postaxial hand polydactyly 90% Short stature 90% Telecanthus 90% Wide nasal bridge 90% Clinodactyly of the 5th finger 75% Preaxial foot polydactyly 75% Abnormality of the metaphyses 50% Accessory oral frenulum 50% Bifid nasal tip 50% Broad nasal tip 50% Depressed nasal bridge 50% Flared metaphysis 50% Hypoplasia of the maxilla 50% Lobulated tongue 50% Malar flattening 50% Median cleft lip 50% Metaphyseal irregularity 50% Midline defect of the nose 50% Reduced number of teeth 50% Tongue nodules 50% Postaxial foot polydactyly 33% Preaxial hand polydactyly 33% Abnormality of the cranial nerves 7.5% Abnormality of the genital system 7.5% Abnormality of the metacarpal bones 7.5% Agenesis of central incisor 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum 7.5% Cleft palate 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% High palate 7.5% Hydrocephalus 7.5% Laryngomalacia 7.5% Pectus excavatum 7.5% Porencephaly 7.5% Scoliosis 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Syndactyly 7.5% Tracheal stenosis 7.5% Wormian bones 7.5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Bilateral postaxial polydactyly - Hypertelorism - Partial duplication of the phalanges of the hallux - Short palm - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What causes Orofaciodigital syndrome 2 ?

Output: What causes orofaciodigital syndrome type 2? Orofaciodigital syndrome type 2 is caused by mutations (changes) of an as yet unidentified gene. </s>


Input: Is Orofaciodigital syndrome 2 inherited ?

Output: How is orofaciodigital syndrome type 2 inherited? Orofaciodigital syndrome type 2 is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means that an individual needs to inherit two mutated (changed) copies of the gene-one from each parent-in order to have the condition. </s>


Input: What are the treatments for Orofaciodigital syndrome 2 ?

Output: What treatment is available for orofaciodigital syndrome type 2? Treatment is dependent on the symptoms. For example, reconstructive surgery might be performed to correct oral, facial, and/or finger and toe abnormalities. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Acroosteolysis dominant type ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Acroosteolysis dominant type? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Acroosteolysis dominant type. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the toes 90% Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Decreased skull ossification 90% Hypertelorism 90% Long philtrum 90% Osteolysis 90% Periodontitis 90% Reduced bone mineral density 90% Short distal phalanx of finger 90% Short toe 90% Telecanthus 90% Thick eyebrow 90% Wormian bones 90% Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies 50% Abnormality of frontal sinus 50% Abnormality of the fingernails 50% Anteverted nares 50% Arnold-Chiari malformation 50% Arthralgia 50% Bone pain 50% Coarse facial features 50% Dental malocclusion 50% Dolichocephaly 50% Downturned corners of mouth 50% Full cheeks 50% Hearing impairment 50% Joint hypermobility 50% Macrocephaly 50% Narrow mouth 50% Prominent occiput 50% Scoliosis 50% Short neck 50% Thin vermilion border 50% Abnormality of the aortic valve 7.5% Abnormality of the voice 7.5% Bowing of the long bones 7.5% Cataract 7.5% Cleft palate 7.5% Clubbing of toes 7.5% Coarse hair 7.5% Craniofacial hyperostosis 7.5% Displacement of the external urethral meatus 7.5% Dry skin 7.5% Hepatomegaly 7.5% Hydrocephalus 7.5% Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bone 7.5% Intestinal malrotation 7.5% Iris coloboma 7.5% Kyphosis 7.5% Low anterior hairline 7.5% Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 7.5% Migraine 7.5% Mitral stenosis 7.5% Myopia 7.5% Neurological speech impairment 7.5% Patellar dislocation 7.5% Patent ductus arteriosus 7.5% Pectus carinatum 7.5% Peripheral neuropathy 7.5% Polycystic kidney dysplasia 7.5% Recurrent fractures 7.5% Recurrent respiratory infections 7.5% Skin ulcer 7.5% Splenomegaly 7.5% Synophrys 7.5% Syringomyelia 7.5% Thickened skin 7.5% Umbilical hernia 7.5% Ventricular septal defect 7.5% Wide nasal bridge 7.5% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Juvenile onset - Osteolytic defects of the phalanges of the hand - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Deafness, autosomal recessive 51 ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Deafness, autosomal recessive 51? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Deafness, autosomal recessive 51. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Sensorineural hearing impairment - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Familial multiple trichodiscomas ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Familial multiple trichodiscomas? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Familial multiple trichodiscomas. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the hair - Autosomal dominant inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Potato nose ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Potato nose? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Potato nose. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the nose - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas ?

Output: Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas describes a congenital malformation of the pancreas in which either the entire dorsal pancreas or part of the dorsal pancreas fails to develop (complete agenesis or partial agenesis, respectively). Some individuals experience no symptoms, while others may develop hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, bile duct obstruction, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, or other conditions. Hyperglycemia has been shown to be present in approximately 50% of affected individuals. The cause of agenesis of the dorsal pancreas is currently not well understood. It may occur in individuals with no history of the condition in the family (sporadically) and in some cases, autosomal dominant or X-linked dominant inheritance has been suggested. It has also been reported to occur with very rare conditions including polysplenia and polysplenia/heterotaxy syndrome. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the pancreas 90% Intrauterine growth retardation 90% Maternal diabetes 90% Type I diabetes mellitus 90% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Diabetes mellitus - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What causes Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas ?

Output: What causes agenesis of the dorsal pancreas? Partial or complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas results from the failure of the dorsal pancreatic bud to form the body and tail of the pancreas in the developing fetus. It may occur from the absence, or regression of, the dorsal bud during fetal development. Heredity may play a role in the development of this condition, but further research is needed to clarify this. There have been reports in the literature of the condition being associated (rarely) with other congenital diseases, specifically a very rare disorder called polysplenia/heterotaxy syndrome. In this case, it may occur due to errors in development of the asymmetric organs and may be associated with benign to severe congenital cardiac (heart) malformations. </s>


Input: What are the treatments for Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas ?

Output: How might agenesis of the dorsal pancreas be treated? Because agenesis of the dorsal pancreas is considered rare and few cases have been reported in the literature, there is limited information about how the condition as a whole might be treated or managed. However, there is current information about how some of the signs and symptoms associated with agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (such as pancreatitis) may be managed. For pancreatitis, individuals may be able to make themselves more comfortable during an attack, but they will most likely continue to have attacks until treatment is received for the underlying cause of the symptoms (when possible). If symptoms are mild, people might try the following preventive measures: stopping all alcohol consumption; adopting a liquid diet consisting of foods such as broth, gelatin, and soups (these simple foods may allow the inflammation process to get better); over-the-counter pain medications; and avoiding pain medications that can affect the liver (such as acetaminophen). Medical treatment is usually focused on relieving symptoms and preventing further aggravation to the pancreas. Certain complications of either acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis may require surgery or a blood transfusion. In acute pancreatitis, the choice of treatment is based on the severity of the attack. Most people who are having an attack of acute pancreatitis are admitted to the hospital for oxygen (if having trouble breathing) and an intravenous (IV) line for medications and fluids. If needed, medications for pain and nausea may be prescribed. It may be recommended that no food or liquid is taken by mouth for a few days (this is called bowel rest). Some people may need a nasogastric (NG) tube to remove stomach juices which rests the intestine further, helping the pancreas recover. If the attack lasts longer than a few days, nutritional supplements may be administered through an IV line. In chronic pancreatitis, treatment focuses on relieving pain and avoiding further aggravation to the pancreas. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) management may depend on the exact cause if the condition in the affected individual. Management may include checking blood sugar levels with a blood glucose meter; checking urine for ketones; and adopting strategies to lower blood sugar level. Strategies might include exercise (only if urine ketones are not present); diet as discussed with a diabetes health educator or registered dietitian; and/or medication (especially if diet and exercise are not keeping blood sugar levels in the normal range) which may include insulin and/or other medications. Individuals seeking treatment options for themselves or others should speak with their health care provider about an individualized treatment plan; the information here is provided for general educational purposes only. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Fountain syndrome ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Fountain syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Fountain syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Coarse facial features 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Craniofacial hyperostosis 90% Edema 90% Round face 90% Sensorineural hearing impairment 90% Thick lower lip vermilion 90% EEG abnormality 50% Full cheeks 50% Hyperextensible skin 50% Malar flattening 50% Wide mouth 50% Abnormality of the metacarpal bones 7.5% Abnormality of the metaphyses 7.5% Abnormality of the palate 7.5% Clubbing of toes 7.5% Cutis marmorata 7.5% Gingival overgrowth 7.5% Kyphosis 7.5% Large hands 7.5% Macrocephaly 7.5% Neurological speech impairment 7.5% Scoliosis 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Short stature 7.5% Spina bifida occulta 7.5% Thick eyebrow 7.5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Broad palm - Facial edema - Intellectual disability - Thickened calvaria - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Pediatric ulcerative colitis ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Pediatric ulcerative colitis? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pediatric ulcerative colitis. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abdominal pain - Diarrhea - Growth delay - Heterogeneous - Intestinal obstruction - Multifactorial inheritance - Recurrent aphthous stomatitis - Ulcerative colitis - Weight loss - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) Brody myopathy ?

Output: Brody disease is a type of myopahty or "disease of muscle." Signs and symptoms include difficulty relaxing muscles and muscle stiffness following exercise. The condition tends to be inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. Some cases of Brody disease are caused by mutations in a gene called ATP2A1, for other cases the underlying genetic defect has not been identified. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Brody myopathy ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Brody myopathy? Symptoms of Brody disease typically begin in childhood. Children with this condition may have a hard time keeping up with their peers in physical activities. They have a difficult time relaxing muscles, first in their arms and legs, but then in their face and trunk. They may also have difficulty relaxing their eyelids and grip. These muscle symptoms worsen with exercise and exposure to cold weather. In people with Brody disease, the term pseudomyotonia is used to describe these muscle symptoms. The term myotonia refers to muscle stiffness or an inability to relax the muscles and can be evidenced by abnormal electromyography (EMG) results. In Brody disease the EMG results are normal, even though the person show signs of the muscle stiffness. Because of the normal EMG results, the word pseudo-myotonia is used. In addition to the pseudomyotonia, people with Brody disease sometimes develop myoglobinuria. Myoglobinuria is the abnormal breakdown of the muscle protein, myoglobin. Click here to learn more about testing for myoglobinuria. People with Brody disease do not tend to have percussion myotonia. A doctor may test for percussion myotonia by mildly tapping on a muscle and watching how the muscle responds. Percussion myotonia is a symptom in other muscle disorders. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Brody myopathy. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Muscle cramps - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What causes Brody myopathy ?

Output: What causes Brody disease? Brody disease can be caused by mutations in the gene ATP2A1. In general, genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. These proteins are required for our bodies cells (and ultimately tissues, like our muscles) to work correctly. Gene mutations can result in faulty proteins. The ATP2A1 gene tells the body how to make a protein called SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPase. This protein is involved in moving calcium around in the cell, which is important for normal muscle contraction. Mutations in this gene results in problems with calcium transportation in the cell, and ultimately problems with muscle contraction. Not all people with Brody disease have mutations in the ATP2A1 gene. There are likely other gene mutations, that have not yet been identified, that can cause this disease. </s>


Input: How to diagnose Brody myopathy ?

Output: How is Brody disease diagnosed? Brody disease is suspected in people with the characteristic symptoms of this disorder (e.g., peudomyotonia, myoglobinuria etc...). In addition, people with this disease may have normal or slightly elevated creatine kinase levels. Click here to learn more about creatine kinase testing. A careful evaluation of muscle tissue samples obtained from muscle biopsy shows type 2 A and B atrophy with angulated fibers. Also, biochemical and immunological testing of the activity of certain proteins in the cell (i.e., sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase) can also help confirm the diagnosis. </s>


Input: What are the treatments for Brody myopathy ?

Output: How might Brody disease be treated? There have been case reports describing treatment of Brody disease with the muscle relaxant, dantrolene and with calcium channel blockers with varying success. </s>


Input: What is (are) Occipital horn syndrome ?

Output: Occipital horn syndrome (OHS) is characterized by sagging and non-stretchy skin (cutis laxa), wedge-shaped calcium deposits in a bone at the base of the skull (occipital bone), coarse hair, and loose joints.  Individuals with OHS are said to have normal or slightly reduced intelligence. This condition is considered to be a mild type of Menkes diseases, which affects copper levels in the body.  Occipital horn syndrome may be caused by mutations in the ATP7A gene, and it is inherited in an x-linked recessive pattern. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Occipital horn syndrome ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Occipital horn syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Occipital horn syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the fontanelles or cranial sutures 90% Cerebral calcification 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Exostoses 90% Hyperextensible skin 90% Joint hypermobility 90% Abnormality of the liver 50% Abnormality of the nose 50% Abnormality of the palate 50% Abnormality of the wrist 50% Aneurysm 50% Atypical scarring of skin 50% Brachydactyly syndrome 50% Bruising susceptibility 50% Elbow dislocation 50% Feeding difficulties in infancy 50% Hypothermia 50% Long philtrum 50% Muscular hypotonia 50% Narrow chest 50% Pectus carinatum 50% Pectus excavatum 50% Platyspondyly 50% Reduced bone mineral density 50% Synostosis of joints 50% Venous insufficiency 50% Abnormality of the fibula 7.5% Abnormality of the hip bone 7.5% Abnormality of the humerus 7.5% Abnormality of the pinna 7.5% Abnormality of the shoulder 7.5% Abnormality of the tibia 7.5% Bladder diverticulum 7.5% Coarse hair 7.5% Genu valgum 7.5% Hernia of the abdominal wall 7.5% High forehead 7.5% Kyphosis 7.5% Osteolysis 7.5% Pes planus 7.5% Recurrent urinary tract infections 7.5% Scoliosis 7.5% Bladder carcinoma - Broad clavicles - Broad ribs - Capitate-hamate fusion - Carotid artery tortuosity - Chronic diarrhea - Convex nasal ridge - Coxa valga - Hiatus hernia - High palate - Hydronephrosis - Joint laxity - Limited elbow extension - Limited knee extension - Long face - Long neck - Narrow face - Orthostatic hypotension - Osteoporosis - Pelvic bone exostoses - Persistent open anterior fontanelle - Redundant skin - Short clavicles - Short humerus - Soft skin - Ureteral obstruction - X-linked recessive inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: How to diagnose Occipital horn syndrome ?

Output: Is genetic testing available for occipital horn syndrome? </s>


Input: What is (are) Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A ?

Output: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is a type of inherited neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nerves. Affected individuals experience weakness and wasting (atrophy) of the muscles of the lower legs beginning in adolescence; later they experience hand weakness and sensory loss. CMT1A is caused by having an extra copy (a duplication) of the PMP22 gene. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Treatment for this condition may include physical therapy; occupational therapy; braces and other orthopedic devices; orthopedic surgery; and pain medications. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A? CMT1 is generally slowly progressive over many years. However, affected individuals often experience long periods without any obvious deterioration or progression. Occasionally, individuals show accelerated deterioration of function over a few years. Nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) tend to slow progressively over the first two to six years of life, but they appear to remain relatively stable throughout adulthood. Worsening of signs and symptoms tends to be slow in the second to fourth decades of life. It remains to be confirmed whether, and to what extent, there is clinical and electrophysiological disease progression in affected adults; two studies of adult with CMT1A have shown conflicting results. Authors of one study reported disease progression over time (23 years on average), while authors of another study found that both patients and controls (individuals without the condition) had a similar decline of strength and of electrophysiological findings. The findings in the latter study suggested that the decline in adulthood in affected individuals may reflect a process of normal aging rather than on-going active disease. Any major changes in the pace of progression may warrant consideration of additional acquired, or possibly independently inherited forms, of neuromuscular diseases. The severity of signs and symptoms of CMT1A can vary greatly among affected individuals. Individuals who have questions about their own specific signs and symptoms and how they may relate to progression of CMT should speak with their health care provider. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Areflexia - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Cold-induced muscle cramps - Decreased motor nerve conduction velocity - Decreased number of peripheral myelinated nerve fibers - Distal amyotrophy - Distal muscle weakness - Distal sensory impairment - Foot dorsiflexor weakness - Hammertoe - Hearing impairment - Heterogeneous - Hypertrophic nerve changes - Hyporeflexia - Insidious onset - Juvenile onset - Kyphoscoliosis - Myelin outfoldings - Onion bulb formation - Pes cavus - Segmental peripheral demyelination/remyelination - Slow progression - Steppage gait - Ulnar claw - Variable expressivity - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) CADASIL ?

Output: CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Sub-cortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) is an inherited disease of the blood vessels that occurs when the thickening of blood vessel walls blocks the flow of blood to the brain. The disease primarily affects the small blood vessels in the white matter of the brain. CADASIL is characterized by migraine headaches and multiple strokes, which progresses to dementia. Other symptoms include white matter lesions throughout the brain, cognitive deterioration, seizures, vision problems, and psychiatric problems such as severe depression and changes in behavior and personality. Individuals may also be at higher risk of heart attack. Symptoms and disease onset vary widely, with signs typically appearing in the mid-30s. Some individuals may not show signs of the disease until later in life. CADASIL is caused by a change (or mutation) in a gene called NOTCH3 and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of CADASIL ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of CADASIL? Strokes are the main feature of CADASIL and often occur repeatedly. Strokes may lead to severe disability such as an inability to walk and urinary incontinence. The average age at onset for stroke-like episodes is 46 years. A decline in thinking ability (cognitive deficit) is the second most common feature and occurs in over half of affected people. This may begin as early as 35 years of age. CADASIL typically causes a slow decline in thought processes, and approximately 75% of affected people eventually develop dementia (including significant difficulty with reasoning and memory). Thirty percent of people with CADASIL also experience psychiatric issues, varying from personality changes to severe depression. Migraines with aura occur in about 35% of people with CADASIL, with the first attack occurring at an average age of 26 years. Epilepsy is present in 10% of affected people and usually presents at middle age. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for CADASIL. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of temperature regulation 90% Abnormality of the retinal vasculature 90% Amaurosis fugax 90% Behavioral abnormality 90% Developmental regression 90% Hemiplegia/hemiparesis 90% Migraine 90% Neurological speech impairment 90% Reduced consciousness/confusion 90% Cerebral cortical atrophy 50% Cerebral ischemia 50% Cranial nerve paralysis 50% EEG abnormality 50% Gait disturbance 50% Hypertonia 50% Memory impairment 50% Visual impairment 50% Abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function 7.5% Atherosclerosis 7.5% Hearing impairment 7.5% Hypertension 7.5% Hypoglycemia 7.5% Intracranial hemorrhage 7.5% Peripheral neuropathy 7.5% Recurrent respiratory infections 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Subcutaneous hemorrhage 7.5% Venous insufficiency 7.5% Visual loss 5% Abnormal electroretinogram - Abnormality of the skin - Abnormality of visual evoked potentials - Adult onset - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Leukoencephalopathy - Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy - Pseudobulbar paralysis - Recurrent subcortical infarcts - Stroke - Subcortical dementia - Urinary incontinence - Varicose veins - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What causes CADASIL ?

Output: What causes CADASIL? CADASIL is caused by a mutation in the NOTCH3 gene. The NOTCH3 gene gives the body instructions to make the Notch3 receptor protein, needed for normal function and survival of vascular smooth muscle cells. Mutations in NOTCH3 cause the body to make an abnormal protein, thus impairing the function and survival of vascular smooth muscle cells and causing these cells to self-destruct. The loss of vascular smooth muscle cells in the brain causes blood vessel damage that leads to the characteristic features of CADASIL. </s>


Input: Is CADASIL inherited ?

Output: How is CADASIL inherited? CADASIL is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that having a mutation in only one copy of the responsible gene in each cell is enough to cause CADASIL. In most cases, an affected person inherits the mutated gene from an affected parent. In rare cases, CADASIL may result from having a new mutation in the gene, in which case it is not inherited from a parent. When a person with an autosomal dominant condition has children, each child has a 50% (1 in 2) chance to inherit the mutated copy of the gene. </s>


Input: What are the treatments for CADASIL ?

Output: How might CADASIL be treated? There is currently no treatment for CADASIL that is proven to be effective. While antiplatelet treatment is often used, it is also not proven to be useful. Migraine should be treated both symptomatically and prophylactically (with preventative methods), depending on the frequency of symptoms. When hypertension, diabetes or hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol) are also present, they should be treated. Supportive care, including practical help, emotional support, and counseling, is useful for affected people and their families. Smoking increases the risk of stroke, so affected people who smoke should quit. </s>


Input: What is (are) Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome ?

Output: Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by distinctive facial features, hairy elbows, short stature, and intellectual disability. This condition is caused by changes (mutations) in the KMT2A gene (also known as the MLL gene). It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Most cases result from new (de novo) mutations that occur only in an egg or sperm cell, or just after conception. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive and may include special education classes and speech and occupational therapies aimed at increasing motor functioning and language. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Constipation 5% Delayed skeletal maturation 5% Long eyelashes 5% Muscular hypotonia 5% Sacral dimple 5% Seizures 5% Tapered finger 5% Aggressive behavior - Blepharophimosis - Broad-based gait - Clinodactyly of the 5th finger - Delayed speech and language development - Epicanthus - Failure to thrive - Flat face - High palate - Hypertelorism - Intellectual disability - Long philtrum - Low-set ears - Short middle phalanx of finger - Short stature - Short toe - Strabismus - Synophrys - Thick eyebrow - Wide nose - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) Bell's palsy ?

Output: Bell's palsy is a form of temporary facial paralysis which results from damage or trauma to one of the facial nerves. This disorder is characterized by the sudden onset of facial paralysis that often affects just one side and can cause significant facial distortion. Symptoms vary, but may include twitching, weakness, drooping eyelid or corner of the mouth, drooling, dry eye or mouth, impairment of taste, and excessive tearing in the eye. While the exact cause is unknown, many researchers believe that a virus may lead to swelling of the 7th cranial nerve. Steroids, such as prednisone, may reduce the inflammation and swelling. Other medications used to treat Bell's palsy include acyclovir (to fight viral infections) and aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen (to relieve pain). Physical therapy, facial massage and acupuncture have also been used. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Bell's palsy ?

Output: What are the symptoms of Bell's palsy? </s>


Input: What causes Bell's palsy ?

Output: What causes Bell's palsy? </s>


Input: What are the treatments for Bell's palsy ?

Output: How might Bell's palsy be treated? </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Popliteal pterygium syndrome lethal type ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Popliteal pterygium syndrome lethal type? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Popliteal pterygium syndrome lethal type. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal hair quantity 90% Abnormality of the eyelashes 90% Abnormality of the genital system 90% Abnormality of the palpebral fissures 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the toes 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 90% Finger syndactyly 90% Hypoplastic toenails 90% Median cleft lip 90% Microcephaly 90% Popliteal pterygium 90% Synostosis of joints 90% Talipes 90% Toe syndactyly 90% Trismus 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thumb 50% Cleft eyelid 50% Cognitive impairment 50% Narrow mouth 50% Opacification of the corneal stroma 50% Short nose 50% Underdeveloped nasal alae 50% Renal hypoplasia/aplasia 7.5% Alopecia totalis 5% Bilateral cryptorchidism 5% Cupped ear 5% Hypertelorism 5% Hypoplasia of the maxilla 5% Hypoplastic male external genitalia 5% Hypoplastic scapulae 5% Microphthalmia 5% Wide intermamillary distance 5% Absent eyebrow - Absent eyelashes - Absent thumb - Anal stenosis - Ankyloblepharon - Anonychia - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cleft palate - Cleft upper lip - Facial cleft - Hypoplastic labia majora - Intrauterine growth retardation - Low-set ears - Short phalanx of finger - Small nail - Syndactyly - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria ?

Output: Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria is one of the rarest subtypes of polymicrogyria. It is a symmetric and bilateral form (in both brain hemispheres) that only involves the frontal lobes without including the area located behind the Sylvius fissure or the area located behind the Rolando sulcus. Some researchers classify the condition into two different forms: bilateral frontal polymicrogyria and the bilateral frontoparietal. Signs and symptoms included delayed motor and language milestones; spastic (stiffness) hemiparesis (weakness in one side of the body) or quadriparesis (weakness in all four limbs of the body); and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Seizures may also be present. The frontoparietal form is caused by changes (mutations) in the GPR56 gene but the cause for the frontal form of polymicrogyira is still not known. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person. </s>


Input: What is (are) Ligneous conjunctivitis ?

Output: Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare disorder characterized by the buildup of a protein called fibrin which causes inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis) and leads to thick, woody (ligneous), inflamed growths that are yellow, white, or red. Ligneous conjunctivitis most often occurs on the inside of the eyelids, but may also affect the sclera, cornea and pupil, leading to vision loss. A systemic form of the condition may occur, affecting the mucous membranes of the larynx, vocal chords, nose, trachea, bronchi, vagina, cervix, and gingiva. The cause of ligneous conjunctivitis is unknown. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested in some cases. Ligneous conjunctivitis is sometimes associated with a condition known as congenital plasminogen deficiency. </s>


Input: What is (are) EEC syndrome ?

Output: EEC syndrome (Ectrodactyly-Ectodermal Dysplasia-Cleft Lip/Palate) is a rare form of ectodermal dysplasia. The symptoms can vary from mild to severe and most commonly include missing or irregular fingers and/or toes (ectrodactyly or split hand/foot malformation); abnormalities of the hair and glands; cleft lip and/or palate; distinctive facial features; and abnormalities of the eyes and urinary tract. EEC syndrome can be divided into two different types defined by the underlying cause. More than 90% of individuals have EEC syndrome type 3 (EEC3), caused by mutations in the TP63 gene. The of individuals with EEC syndrome are thought to have a mutation in a region on chromosome 7, known as EEC syndrome type 1 (EEC1). EEC syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Management typically requires evaluation by various specialists. Treatment varies depending on the signs and symptoms present in the affected individual. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of EEC syndrome ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of EEC syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for EEC syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of dental enamel 90% Abnormality of the fingernails 90% Abnormality of the toenails 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 90% Coarse hair 90% Dry skin 90% Lacrimation abnormality 90% Reduced number of teeth 90% Taurodontia 90% Thick eyebrow 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the skin 50% Corneal erosion 50% Inflammatory abnormality of the eye 50% Renal hypoplasia/aplasia 50% Slow-growing hair 50% Abnormality of the eyelid 7.5% Abnormality of the middle ear 7.5% Anterior hypopituitarism 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the nipples 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thumb 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thymus 7.5% Breast aplasia 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Displacement of the external urethral meatus 7.5% External ear malformation 7.5% Fine hair 7.5% Finger syndactyly 7.5% Hypohidrosis 7.5% Lymphoma 7.5% Proximal placement of thumb 7.5% Sensorineural hearing impairment 7.5% Short stature 7.5% Intellectual disability 7% Abnormality of the nasopharynx - Absence of Stensen duct - Anal atresia - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Bicornuate uterus - Bladder diverticulum - Blepharitis - Blepharophimosis - Blue irides - Broad nasal tip - Carious teeth - Central diabetes insipidus - Choanal atresia - Cleft palate - Cleft upper lip - Coarse facial features - Conductive hearing impairment - Cryptorchidism - Dacrocystitis - Death in infancy - Depressed nasal bridge - Depressed nasal tip - Duplicated collecting system - Ectodermal dysplasia - Fair hair - Flexion contracture - Frontal bossing - Generalized hypopigmentation - Growth hormone deficiency - Hand polydactyly - Hearing impairment - Heterogeneous - High axial triradius - Hoarse voice - Hydronephrosis - Hydroureter - Hyperkeratosis - Hypertelorism - Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism - Hypoplasia of the maxilla - Hypoplastic fingernail - Hypoplastic nipples - Inguinal hernia - Malar flattening - Microcephaly - Microdontia - Micropenis - Microtia - Nail dystrophy - Nail pits - Oligodontia - Ovarian cyst - Photophobia - Prominent forehead - Rectovaginal fistula - Recurrent respiratory infections - Renal agenesis - Renal dysplasia - Selective tooth agenesis - Semilobar holoprosencephaly - Short digit - Single transverse palmar crease - Sparse axillary hair - Sparse eyebrow - Sparse eyelashes - Sparse pubic hair - Sparse scalp hair - Split foot - Split hand - Telecanthus - Thin skin - Toe syndactyly - Transverse vaginal septum - Ureterocele - Ureterovesical stenosis - Vesicoureteral reflux - Xerostomia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What causes EEC syndrome ?

Output: What causes EEC syndrome? Approximately 90% of individuals with EEC syndrome have a causative mutation identified in the TP63 gene. The TP63 gene codes for the p63 protein, which plays a critical role in early development of the ectoderm-the layers of tissue that develop into the skin, hair, teeth, and nails. The p63 protein is additionally thought to play a role in the development of the limbs, facial features, urinary system, and other organs. Individuals that have EEC syndrome due to a mutation in the TP63 gene are classified as having EEC syndrome type 3 (EEC3). In approximately 10% of individuals, EEC syndrome is caused by a mutation on a region of the q (long) arm of chromosome 7. Individuals that have EEC syndrome due to a mutation on the q arm of chromosome 7 are classified as having EEC syndrome type 1 (EEC1). Rarely, EEC syndrome can be found in individuals that do not have mutations in either the TP63 gene or the q arm of chromosome 7. </s>


Input: Is EEC syndrome inherited ?

Output: How is EEC syndrome inherited? EEC syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.This means that having a change (mutation) in only one copy of the responsible gene in each cell is enough to cause features of the condition. In some cases, an affected person inherits the mutated gene from an affected parent. In other cases, the mutation occurs for the first time in a person with no family history of the condition. This is called a de novo mutation. When a person with a mutation that causes an autosomal dominant condition has children, each child has a 50% (1 in 2) chance to inherit that mutation. EEC can appear to be caused by a de novo mutation in some instances when an unaffected parent of an affected child has germline mosaicism. Germline mosaicism affects the genetic make-up of the egg and sperm cell only. It is estimated that unaffected parents of a child with EEC syndrome have a 4% risk of having another affected child. EEC syndrome additionally shows reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. Reduced penetrance means that not all individuals with a mutation in the disease-causing gene will have signs and symptoms of the condition; however, in this condition, it has been reported that up to 93-98% of individuals with a mutation will have the condition. Variable expressivity means that there is a range of signs and symptoms that can occur in different people with the condition (i.e. the expression of the condition varies). </s>


Input: How to diagnose EEC syndrome ?

Output: Is genetic testing available for EEC syndrome? It is estimated that greater than 90% of cases of EEC syndrome are caused by mutations in the TP63 gene. The remainder are suspected to be caused by different mutations in a region on chromosome 7. Genetic testing is available to detect both mutations in the TP63 gene and in the implicated region on chromosome 7.  Genetic Testing Registry lists the names of laboratories that are performing genetic testing for EEC syndrome. To view the contact information for the clinical laboratories conducting testing click here. Testing for individuals with a family history of EEC syndrome who may have a mutation but do not exhibit signs and symptoms of the condition may be available if the mutation in the affected family member(s) is known. Prenatal diagnosis for pregnancies at risk may also be available if the mutation in the family is known. Please note that most of the laboratories listed through GeneTests do not accept direct contact from patients and their families; therefore, if you are interested in learning more, you will need to work with a health care provider or a genetics professional. </s>


Input: What is (are) Donnai-Barrow syndrome ?

Output: Donnai Barrow syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects many parts of the body. People with this condition generally have characteristic facial features, severe sensorineural hearing loss, vision problems and an absent or underdeveloped corpus callosum (the tissue connecting the left and right halves of the brain). Other features may include diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele, and/or other abnormalities of the intestine or heart. Affected people often have mild to moderate intellectual disability and developmental delay. Donnai Barrow syndrome is caused by changes (mutations) in the LRP2 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Treatment of this condition is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person but may include hearing aids and/or cochlear implants for hearing loss, corrective lenses for vision problems and surgery for certain physical abnormalities. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Donnai-Barrow syndrome ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Donnai-Barrow syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Donnai-Barrow syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Low-molecular-weight proteinuria 100% Non-acidotic proximal tubulopathy 100% Abnormality of the fontanelles or cranial sutures 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 90% Broad nasal tip 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Depressed nasal bridge 90% High anterior hairline 90% Hypertelorism 90% Infra-orbital crease 90% Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 90% Myopia 90% Proptosis 90% Proteinuria 90% Sensorineural hearing impairment 90% Short nose 90% Low-set ears 75% Broad forehead 50% Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 50% Diaphragmatic eventration 50% Macrocephaly 50% Omphalocele 50% Retinal detachment 50% Umbilical hernia 50% Visual impairment 50% Progressive visual loss 33% Retinal dystrophy 33% Abnormality of female internal genitalia 7.5% Chorioretinal coloboma 7.5% Hypoplasia of the iris 7.5% Intestinal malrotation 7.5% Iris coloboma 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Ventricular septal defect 7.5% Bicornuate uterus 5% Cataract 1% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 11/11 Hypertelorism 12/12 Sensorineural hearing impairment 5/5 Severe Myopia 5/5 Short nose 9/11 Wide anterior fontanel 9/12 Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 9/13 Posteriorly rotated ears 7/11 Iris coloboma 3/6 Omphalocele 6/12 Intestinal malrotation 3/13 Autosomal recessive inheritance - Hypoplasia of midface - Malar flattening - Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 ?

Output: Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4 (CMT4) is a congenital neurologic hereditary disease, part of a group of peripheral neuropathies known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). It is classified in CMT4A, CMT4B1, CMT4B2, CMT4C, CMT4D, CMT4E, CMT4F, CMT4H and CMT4J. Each sub-type is very rare and may affect a particular ethnic group. In general, people with CMT4 develop symptoms of leg weakness in childhood and by adolescence they may not be able to walk. Other signs and symptoms include distal muscle tissue loss (muscle atrophy) associated with sensory loss and, an abnormally high arched foot (pes cavus). Sub-types may have slightly different clinical features between them. Several genes have been identified as causing CMT4, including GDAP1 (CMT4A), MTMR13 (CMT4B1), MTMR2 (CMT4B2), SH3TC2 (CMT4C), NDG1(CMT4D), EGR2 (CMT4E), PRX (CMT4F), FDG4 (CMT4H), and FIG4 (CMT4J). CMT4 is distinguished from other forms of CMT by its autosomal recessive inheritance. Treatment is symptomatic and includes physical therapy, corrective surgery (when needed) and pain medication. </s>


Input: What is (are) Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 2 ?

Output: Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 2 (MOPD2) is a condition characterized by short stature (dwarfism), skeletal abnormalities and an unusually small head size (microcephaly). Other signs and symptoms of MOPD2 may include hip dysplasia; thinning of the bones in the arms and legs; scoliosis; shortened wrist bones; a high-pitched voice; distinctive facial features (prominent nose, full cheeks, a long midface, and a small jaw); small teeth; abnormal skin pigmentation; and blood vessel abnormalities. Intellectual development is typically normal. It is caused by mutations in the PCNT gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 2 ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 2? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 2. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the hip bone 90% Abnormality of the metaphyses 90% Abnormality of the voice 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the earlobes 90% Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Clinodactyly of the 5th finger 90% Delayed skeletal maturation 90% Fine hair 90% Intrauterine growth retardation 90% Microcephaly 90% Micromelia 90% Reduced number of teeth 90% Abnormality of female external genitalia 50% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 50% Cafe-au-lait spot 50% Dry skin 50% Full cheeks 50% Hypopigmented skin patches 50% Joint hypermobility 50% Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 50% Microdontia 50% Scoliosis 50% Sensorineural hearing impairment 50% Truncal obesity 50% Underdeveloped nasal alae 50% Wide nasal bridge 50% Anemia 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 7.5% Atria septal defect 7.5% Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 7.5% Blepharophimosis 7.5% Cerebral ischemia 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Cone-shaped epiphysis 7.5% Ivory epiphyses 7.5% Laryngomalacia 7.5% Long clavicles 7.5% Patent ductus arteriosus 7.5% Precocious puberty 7.5% Recurrent respiratory infections 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Straight clavicles 7.5% Thin clavicles 7.5% Tracheal stenosis 7.5% Ventriculomegaly 7.5% Distal symphalangism 5% Hypoplastic scapulae 5% Large sella turcica 5% Limited elbow extension 5% Narrow chest 5% Short middle phalanx of finger 5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cerebral aneurysm - Coxa vara - Disproportionate short stature - Flared metaphysis - High pitched voice - Hypermetropia - Hypoplasia of dental enamel - Hypoplastic iliac wing - Hypospadias - Intellectual disability - Microtia - Moyamoya phenomenon - Narrow pelvis bone - Postnatal growth retardation - Prominent nasal bridge - Prominent nose - Proximal femoral epiphysiolysis - Pseudoepiphyses of the metacarpals - Radial bowing - Retrognathia - Short 1st metacarpal - Short distal phalanx of finger - Slender long bone - Sloping forehead - Sparse scalp hair - Tibial bowing - Type II diabetes mellitus - Ulnar bowing - Upslanted palpebral fissure - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Anauxetic dysplasia ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Anauxetic dysplasia? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Anauxetic dysplasia. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Brachydactyly syndrome - Cervical cord compression - Cervical subluxation - Delayed ossification of carpal bones - Flared metaphysis - Hypertelorism - Hypodontia - Hypoplastic ilia - Intellectual disability - J-shaped sella turcica - Platyspondyly - Rhizomelia - Short finger - Short neck - Short toe - Small epiphyses - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Familial hyperthyroidism due to mutations in TSH receptor ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Familial hyperthyroidism due to mutations in TSH receptor? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Familial hyperthyroidism due to mutations in TSH receptor. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis - Accelerated skeletal maturation - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Delayed speech and language development - Goiter - Hyperactivity - Hyperthyroidism - Intellectual disability - Motor delay - Premature birth - Small for gestational age - Sporadic - Tachycardia - Thyroid hyperplasia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) Ollier disease ?

Output: Ollier disease is a skeletal disorder characterized by an asymmetric distribution of cartilagenous tumors (endochondromas) which may lead to skeletal deformities and limb-length discrepancy.[3] This condition primarily affects the long bones and cartilage of the joints of the arms and legs, specifically the area where the shaft and head of a long bone meet (metaphyses). Clinical manifestations often appear in the first decade of life. The cause is unknown. There is no medical treatment, although surgery may be indicated in cases where complications (pathological fractures, growth defect, malignant transformation) arise. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Ollier disease ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Ollier disease? Clinical manifestations in Ollier disease often appear in the first decade of life and usually start with the appearance of palpable bony masses on a finger or a toe, an asymetric shortening of an extremity with limping, and skeletal deformities which may be associated with pathologic fractures. Enchondromas frequently affect the long tubular bones, particularly the tibia, the femur, and/or the fibula; flat bones, especially the pelvis, can also be affected. The lesions may affect multiple bones and are usually asymetrically distributed, exclusively or predominantly affecting one side of the body. Affected bones are often shortened and deformed. Indeed, bone shortening may be the only clinical sign of the disease. These bone shortenings are often associated with bone bending and curving, and may lead to limitations in articular movement. Forearm deformities are frequently encountered. In childhood, the lesions are subjected to pathologic fractures. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Ollier disease. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the metaphyses 90% Cavernous hemangioma 90% Micromelia 90% Osteolysis 90% Visceral angiomatosis 90% Bone pain 50% Limitation of joint mobility 50% Abnormality of coagulation 7.5% Anemia 7.5% Lymphangioma 7.5% Ovarian neoplasm 7.5% Platyspondyly 7.5% Precocious puberty 7.5% Skin ulcer 7.5% Thrombophlebitis 7.5% Chondrosarcoma - Multiple enchondromatosis - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What causes Ollier disease ?

Output: What causes Ollier disease? The exact cause of Ollier disease is not known. It is usually a sporadic, non-familial disorder, however, in some cases, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant genetic trait. </s>


Input: What are the treatments for Ollier disease ?

Output: How might Ollier disease be treated? There is no specific medical treatment for Ollier disease. Surgery is indicated in cases where complications (pathological fractures, growth defect, malignant transformation) arise. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Severe combined immunodeficiency, atypical ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Severe combined immunodeficiency, atypical? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Severe combined immunodeficiency, atypical. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Diarrhea - Eczematoid dermatitis - Failure to thrive - Hepatomegaly - Panhypogammaglobulinemia - Pneumonia - Recurrent candida infections - Splenomegaly - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of ADULT syndrome ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of ADULT syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for ADULT syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the eye 90% Abnormality of the fingernails 90% Abnormality of the toenails 90% Dry skin 90% Fine hair 90% Finger syndactyly 90% Freckling 90% Melanocytic nevus 90% Skin ulcer 90% Split foot 90% Thin skin 90% Toe syndactyly 90% Abnormality of dental morphology 50% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the nipples 50% Breast aplasia 50% Prominent nasal bridge 7.5% Absent nipple - Adermatoglyphia - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Breast hypoplasia - Conjunctivitis - Cutaneous photosensitivity - Dermal atrophy - Ectodermal dysplasia - Eczema - Fair hair - Hypodontia - Hypoplastic nipples - Microdontia - Nail pits - Nasolacrimal duct obstruction - Oligodontia - Oral cleft - Premature loss of permanent teeth - Sparse axillary hair - Sparse scalp hair - Split hand - Wide intermamillary distance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What is (are) Proteus syndrome ?

Output: Proteus syndrome is characterized by excessive growth of a part or portion of the body. The overgrowth can cause differences in appearance and with time, an increased risk for blood clots and tumors. It is caused by a change (mutation) in the AKT1 gene. It is not inherited, but occurs as a random mutation in a body cell in a developing baby (fetus) early in pregnancy. The AKT1 gene mutation affects only a portion of the body cells. This is why only a portion of the body is affected and why individuals with Proteus syndrome can be very differently affected. Management of the condition often requires a team of specialists with knowledge of the wide array of features and complications of this condition. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Proteus syndrome ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Proteus syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Proteus syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies 90% Arteriovenous malformation 90% Asymmetry of the thorax 90% Decreased body weight 90% Irregular hyperpigmentation 90% Kyphosis 90% Lower limb asymmetry 90% Lymphangioma 90% Macrodactyly of finger 90% Melanocytic nevus 90% Multiple lipomas 90% Scoliosis 90% Skeletal dysplasia 90% Skeletal muscle atrophy 90% Tall stature 90% Bronchogenic cyst 50% Cafe-au-lait spot 50% Dolichocephaly 50% Finger syndactyly 50% Hyperkeratosis 50% Hypertelorism 50% Lymphedema 50% Macrocephaly 50% Pulmonary embolism 50% Visceral angiomatosis 50% Abnormality of dental enamel 7.5% Abnormality of immune system physiology 7.5% Abnormality of retinal pigmentation 7.5% Abnormality of the hip bone 7.5% Abnormality of the nail 7.5% Abnormality of the neck 7.5% Abnormality of the wrist 7.5% Anteverted nares 7.5% Arterial thrombosis 7.5% Atresia of the external auditory canal 7.5% Buphthalmos 7.5% Carious teeth 7.5% Cataract 7.5% Chorioretinal coloboma 7.5% Clinodactyly of the 5th finger 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Conjunctival hamartoma 7.5% Craniosynostosis 7.5% Depressed nasal bridge 7.5% Exostoses 7.5% Generalized hyperpigmentation 7.5% Hallux valgus 7.5% Heterochromia iridis 7.5% Hypertrichosis 7.5% Limitation of joint mobility 7.5% Long face 7.5% Long penis 7.5% Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 7.5% Macroorchidism 7.5% Meningioma 7.5% Myopathy 7.5% Myopia 7.5% Neoplasm of the lung 7.5% Neoplasm of the thymus 7.5% Ovarian neoplasm 7.5% Polycystic ovaries 7.5% Proptosis 7.5% Ptosis 7.5% Reduced number of teeth 7.5% Renal cyst 7.5% Retinal detachment 7.5% Retinal hamartoma 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Sirenomelia 7.5% Splenomegaly 7.5% Strabismus 7.5% Sudden cardiac death 7.5% Talipes 7.5% Testicular neoplasm 7.5% Thymus hyperplasia 7.5% Calvarial hyperostosis - Deep venous thrombosis - Depigmentation/hyperpigmentation of skin - Epibulbar dermoid - Facial hyperostosis - Hemangioma - Hemihypertrophy - Hypertrophy of skin of soles - Intellectual disability, moderate - Kyphoscoliosis - Lipoma - Mandibular hyperostosis - Nevus - Open mouth - Spinal canal stenosis - Spinal cord compression - Sporadic - Thin bony cortex - Venous malformation - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What causes Proteus syndrome ?

Output: What causes Proteus syndrome? Proteus syndrome is caused by mutations in the AKT1 gene. This genetic change is not inherited from a parent; it arises randomly in one cell during the early stages of development before birth. As cells continue to grow and divide, some cells will have the mutation and others will not. This mixture of cells with and without a genetic mutation is known as mosaicism. The AKT1 gene helps regulate cell growth and division. (proliferation) and cell death. A mutation in this gene disrupts a cell's ability to regulate its own growth, allowing it to grow and divide abnormally. Increased cell proliferation in various tissues and organs leads to the abnormal growth characteristics of Proteus syndrome. Studies suggest that AKT1 gene mutations are more common in groups of cells that experience overgrowth than in the parts of the body that grow normally. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia joint laxity ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia joint laxity? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia joint laxity. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of bone mineral density 90% Abnormality of the metaphyses 90% Blue sclerae 90% Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Elbow dislocation 90% Hyperextensible skin 90% Joint hypermobility 90% Kyphosis 90% Long philtrum 90% Micromelia 90% Platyspondyly 90% Proptosis 90% Scoliosis 90% Short stature 90% Short toe 90% Talipes 90% Genu valgum 80% Abnormal vertebral ossification 50% Cleft palate 50% Hyperlordosis 50% High palate 12% Abnormality of the cardiac septa 7.5% Aganglionic megacolon 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Ectopia lentis 7.5% Exostoses 7.5% Myopia 7.5% Carpal synostosis 5% 11 pairs of ribs - Advanced ossification of carpal bones - Atria septal defect - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Bicuspid aortic valve - Broad distal phalanx of finger - Congenital myopia - Coxa valga - Cupped ribs - Decreased body weight - Delayed proximal femoral epiphyseal ossification - Dislocated radial head - Flared iliac wings - Flared metaphysis - Flaring of rib cage - Flat face - Flat midface - Flexion contracture - Fragile skin - Hallux valgus - Hip dislocation - Hip Subluxation - Hypoplastic iliac body - Irregular vertebral endplates - Joint laxity - Kyphoscoliosis - Large iliac wings - Long upper lip - Malar flattening - Mitral regurgitation - Muscular hypotonia - Osteoporosis - Oval face - Ovoid vertebral bodies - Paraplegia - Pathologic fracture - Pes planus - Prominent forehead - Radial bowing - Radial head subluxation - Severe short stature - Short femoral neck - Short long bone - Short metacarpal - Short nail - Short neck - Slender long bone - Soft, doughy skin - Sparse scalp hair - Spinal cord compression - Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia - Talipes equinovarus - Ventricular septal defect - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>


Input: What are the symptoms of Say-Field-Coldwell syndrome ?

Output: What are the signs and symptoms of Say-Field-Coldwell syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Say-Field-Coldwell syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the nose 90% Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Camptodactyly of finger 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Preaxial hand polydactyly 90% Short stature 90% Triphalangeal thumb 90% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Recurrent patellar dislocation - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common. </s>