If
\[\sqrt[3]{2} = a + \cfrac{1}{b + \cfrac{1}{c + \cfrac{1}{d + \dotsb}}},\]where $a,$ $b,$ $c,$ $d$ are positive integers, compute $b.$
We know that
\[\sqrt[3]{2} = a + \cfrac{1}{b + \cfrac{1}{c + \cfrac{1}{d + \dotsb}}} > a,\]and
\[\sqrt[3]{2} = a + \cfrac{1}{b + \cfrac{1}{c + \cfrac{1}{d + \dotsb}}} < a + 1.\]The integer $a$ that satisfies $a < \sqrt[3]{2} < a + 1$ is $a = 1.$

Then
\[\sqrt[3]{2} - 1 = \cfrac{1}{b + \cfrac{1}{c + \cfrac{1}{d + \dotsb}}},\]so
\[\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{2} - 1} = b + \cfrac{1}{c + \cfrac{1}{d + \dotsb}}.\]As before, $b$ must satisfy
\[b < \frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{2} - 1} < b + 1.\]Rationalizing the denominator, we get
\[\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{2} - 1} = \frac{\sqrt[3]{4} + \sqrt[3]{2} + 1}{(\sqrt[3]{2} - 1)(\sqrt[3]{4} + \sqrt[3]{2} + 1)} = \frac{\sqrt[3]{4} + \sqrt[3]{2} + 1}{2 - 1} = \sqrt[3]{4} + \sqrt[3]{2} + 1.\]We have that
\[\sqrt[3]{4} + \sqrt[3]{2} + 1 > 1 + 1 + 1 = 3.\]Also, $1.3^3 = 2.197 > 2$ and $1.6^3 = 4.096 > 4,$ so
\[\sqrt[3]{4} + \sqrt[3]{2} + 1 < 1.3 + 1.6 + 1 = 3.9 < 4,\]so $b = \boxed{3}.$