alpha-tocopherol
This study was designed to investigate whether 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) treatment affects the serum IGF-I/IGFBP-3 and alpha-tocopherol (AT), the most active form of vitamin E. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Individuals (n = 226) who had smoked at least 20 pack-year (PY) and had ceased smoking for at least 12 months were randomly assigned to receive 3 months of daily oral 9cRA (100 mg) or placebo arm.