Ònye, n'etiti Rhazes na Abulcasis, nwụrụ ná mmalite narị afọ nke 10? N'iburu ajụjụ nke mbụ n'uche, dee ihe gbara ya gburugburu bụ́ nke ga-enye azịza ya. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ 1 - 20 ahịrịokwu. Ihe ndị gbara ya gburugburu:
Ọganihu ndị e nwere n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa n'ihe ọmụmụ banyere ahịhịa na kemịkal mere ka nkà mmụta ọgwụ n'oge ochie n'Islam zụlite nkà mmụta ọgwụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes) (865<unk>915), mere ihe iji kwalite iji ọgwụ eme ihe. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) (936<unk>1013) bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ n'ịkwadebe ọgwụ site na sublimation na distillation. Liber servitoris ya na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa, ebe ọ na-enye onye na-agụ ya ntụziaka ma na-akọwa otú e si akwadebe `simples<unk> site na nke e jikọtara ọgwụ ndị dị mgbagwoju anya mgbe ahụ na-ejikarị eme ihe. Otú ọ dị, Sabur Ibn Sahl (d 869), bụ dọkịta mbụ malitere ọgwụ ọgwụ, na-akọwa ọtụtụ ụdị ọgwụ na ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa. Al-Biruni (973<unk>1050) dere otu n'ime ọrụ ndị Alakụba kachasị baa uru na ọgwụ ọgwụ, nke akpọrọ Kitab al-Saydalah (Akwụkwọ Ọgwụ), nke ọ kọwara njirimara nke ọgwụ ma kọwaa ọrụ nke ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ na ọrụ na ọrụ nke onye na-ere ọgwụ. Avicenna kọwakwara ihe dị ka ọgwụ 700, ihe ndị ha nwere, otú ha si arụ ọrụ, na ihe ndị e ji ha eme. N'ezie, o wepụtara otu mpịakọta dum maka ọgwụ ndị dị mfe na The Canon of Medicine. Ọrụ ndị al-Maridini nke Baghdad na Cairo, na Ibn al-Wafid (1008<unk>1074), bụ ndị e bipụtara na Latin ihe karịrị ugboro iri ise, na-apụta dị ka De Medicinis universalibus et particularibus nke 'Mesue' nke na-eto eto, na Medicamentis simplicibus nke 'Abenguefit'. Peter nke Abano (1250<unk>1316) sụgharịrị ma gbakwunye mgbakwunye na ọrụ al-Maridini n'okpuru aha De Veneris. Ntinye aka Al-Muwaffaq n'ọhịa bụkwa onye ọsụ ụzọ. Na-ebi ndụ na narị afọ nke 10, o dere ntọala nke ezigbo ihe onwunwe nke ọgwụgwọ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ na-akọwa arsenic oxide, na ịmara silicic acid. O mere ọdịiche doro anya n'etiti sodium carbonate na potassium carbonate, ma dọrọ uche gaa n'ụdị nsị nke kọpa, ọkachasị kọpa vitriol, yana kọpa. Ọ kọwakwara otú e si eme ka mmiri si n'oké osimiri gbazee...