Rịba ama amaokwu a dị n'okpuru ma zaa ajụjụ ahụ mgbe e mesịrị n'otu asụsụ ahụ dị ka amaokwu ahụ:  Ihe mere e ji nwee ice ndị na-ebelata ebe niile na Kibo bụ na ugwu Kilimanjaro bụ nnukwu ugwu nke na-adịtụ elu karịa snow. Okpu ahụ dịgasị iche ma na-ekewa n'akụkụ ya gaa n'otu glacier. A na-akwụsị akụkụ etiti nke ice ahụ site n'ọnụnọ nke oghere mmiri nke Kibo. Ugwu ndị dị n'elu ugwu na ice anaghị egosipụta nnukwu mmegharị dị larịị n'ihi na obere ọkpụrụkpụ ha na-egbochi nnukwu nrụrụ. Ihe akaebe nke geological na-egosi ihe omume glacial ise na-esote n'oge oge Quaternary, ya bụ nke mbụ (500,000 BP), nke abụọ (karịa 360,000 afọ gara aga ruo 240,000 BP), nke atọ (150,000 ruo 120,000 BP), nke anọ (nke a makwaara dị ka "Isi") (20,000 ruo 17,000 BP), na Little (16,000 ruo 14,000 BP). O nwere ike ịbụ na nke atọ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, na nke nta yiri ka ọ bụ nke a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta site na nke anọ. Igwe ice na-aga n'ihu na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka square kilomita 400 (150 sq mi) ruo n'elu 3,200 mita (10,500 ft) kpuchiri Kilimanjaro n'oge ikpeazụ nke Glacial Maximum na oge Pleistocene (nnukwu glacial episode), na-agbatị n'elu elu nke Kibo na Mawenzi. N'ihi ọnọdụ akọrọ dị ogologo oge n'oge Younger Dryas na-esote, ebe ice dị na Kilimanjaro nwere ike ịnwụ n'ihe dị ka afọ 11,500 BP. Igwe ice nke ewepụtara na Kilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field (NIF) na-egosi na glaciers ebe ahụ nwere afọ 11,700 afọ, ọ bụ ezie na nyocha nke ice ewepụtara na 2011 site na mkpọda kwụ ọtọ na NIF na-akwado afọ na-agbatị naanị afọ 800 BP. Mmiri nke na-ada n'ụzọ dị elu ná mmalite nke oge Holocene (afọ 11,500 BP) mere ka ice ahụ gbanwee. Ugwu ice ndị ahụ lanarịrị oké ọkọchị n'ime narị afọ atọ malite n'ihe dị ka afọ 4,000 BP.  Ajụjụ: Afọ ole ka glaciers ndị e si na Kilimanjaro Northern Ice Fields were?
Afọ 11, 700