Chernenko sonyeere Komsomol (Communist Youth League) na 1929, ma bụrụ onye otu nke Communist Party na 1931. Site na 1930 ruo 1933, o jere ozi na ndị nche nche Soviet na Soviet-Chinese ókèala. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị ọrụ agha ya, ọ laghachiri Krasnoyarsk dị ka onye mgbasa ozi. Na 1933 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Mgbasa Ozi nke Kọmitii Kọmitii Novosyolovsky. Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, a kwalitere ya ịbụ onye isi nke otu ngalaba ahụ na Uyarsk Raykom. Chernenko wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-arịgo n'ọkwa ndị otu, na-aghọ onye isi nke ụlọ Krasnoyarsk nke Party Enlightenment, mgbe ahụ na 1939 onye osote onye isi nke ngalaba Agitpropno nke Kọmitii Territorial Krasnoyarsk, na n'ikpeazụ na 1941 onye odeakwụkwọ nke Kọmitii Territorial Party maka Mgbasa Ozi. N'afọ 1940 ọ rụchara mmekọrịta chiri anya na Fyodor Kulakov. Na 1945, ọ nwetara diplọma site na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzụzụ ndị otu na Moscow. N'afọ 1953, Chernenko nwetara diplọma site na ụlọ akwụkwọ
Afọ 1945