Nkọwa: Site na mmepe nke ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ngwa ngwa n'oge ọkara nke mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị malitere ịbanye n'ime omimi nke ihe ndị dị na subatomic. Mgbalị mbụ nke ịga nke ọma iji mee ka electrons jiri electromagnetic induction mee ihe bụ na 1942 site n'aka Donald Kerst. Betatron mbụ ya ruru ike nke 2.3 MeV, ebe ndị na-esote betatrons ruru 300 MeV. Na 1947, a chọpụtara radiation synchrotron na 70 MeV electron synchrotron na General Electric. A na-emepụta radiation a site na ngwangwa nke electrons site na mpaghara magnetik ka ha na-agagharị nso ọsọ nke ìhè.
2.3 MeV