N'afọ ndị 1960, Mikhail Ivanovich Budyko ji ihe atụ ndị dị mfe nke ike ike abụọ na-arụ ọrụ iji nyochaa ntụgharị nke ice. Ọ chọpụtara na nzaghachi ice-albedo mepụtara nzaghachi nzaghachi dị mma na usoro ihu igwe nke ụwa. Ka snow na ice na-abawanye, a na-atụgharịkwu radieshon anyanwụ n'ime oghere ma ya mere ụwa na-ajụ oyi ma na-enwekwu snow. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na mmetọ ma ọ bụ mgbawa ugwu mgbawa nwere ike ịkpata mmalite nke oge ice. N'afọ ndị 1980, Atsumu Ohmura, onye nyocha ala na Switzerland Federal Institute of Technology, chọpụtara na radieshon anyanwụ na-akụda elu ụwa belatara ihe karịrị 10% n'ime iri afọ atọ gara aga. N'agbanyeghị nchọpụta ya na-emegide okpomọkụ ụwa <unk> okpomọkụ ụwa na-arị elu na-arị elu na 70s.
Afọ 1994