 The Renaixença, a Catalan literary and cultural revival, was partly a response to industrialization and was important in the development of modern Catalan identity.A later stage was the development of a distinct form of modernism in the arts and architecture in the period around 1900.The political assertion of what came to be called "Catalanisme" was spearheaded by the federalist views of Pi y Margall and the republican views of Almirall, but it was Prat de la Riba who first formulated a Catalan nationalist programme and helped to found the conservatively oriented "Lliga Regionalista", an important political force in the early 20th century.