 Berber society was then caught between the southern movement of the Hassan Arabs and the loss of trade due to Saint-Louis.A class of Muslim scholars called the "Torodbe" seem to have originated in Futa Toro, later spreading throughout the Fulbe territories.Two of the Torodbe clans in Futa Toro claimed to be descended from a seventh century relative of one of the companions of the prophet Muhammad who was among a group of invaders of Futa Toro.