 She employed Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz, who modernised the empire by creating a standing army of 108,000 men, paid for with 14 million gulden extracted from each crown-land.The central government was responsible for the army, although Haugwitz instituted taxation of the nobility, who never before had to pay taxes.Moreover, after Haugwitz was appointed as the head of the new central administrative agency dubbed the Directory ("Directorium in publicis et cameralibus") in 1749, he initiated a radical centralization of state institutions down to the level of the District Office ("Kreisamt").