 When someone uses logical fallacies intentionally to mislead in academic, political, or other high-stakes contexts, the breach of trust calls into question the authority and intellectual integrity of that person.According to the pragmatic theory, a fallacy can in some instances be a careless error, the unintentional use of a heuristic (short version of an argumentation scheme) to jump to a conclusion.However, in other instances it is a tactic or ploy intentionally used inappropriately in argumentation to try to win an argument unfairly.