 These new conditions directly drove the speciation of the Tillandsioides, and also drove the speciation of their animal pollinators, such as hummingbirds.Around 5.5 million years ago, a clade of epiphytic Bromelioids arose in Serra do Mar, a lush mountainous region on the coast of Southeastern Brazil.This is thought to have been caused not only by the uplift of Serra do Mar itself at that time, but also because of the continued uplift of the distant Andes mountains, which impacted the circulation of air and created a cooler, wetter climate in Serra do Mar.