 Despite the generous praise of Russell and Wittgenstein, Frege was little known as a philosopher during his lifetime.His ideas spread chiefly through those he influenced, such as Russell, Wittgenstein, and Carnap, and through work on logic and semantics by Polish logicians.Frege's 1892 paper, "On Sense and Reference" ("Über Sinn und Bedeutung"), introduced his influential distinction between "sense" ("Sinn") and "reference" ("Bedeutung", which has also been translated as "meaning", or "denotation").