 The Commune was crushed by the army and Cremieux was executed on 30 November 1871.Though Provence was generally conservative, it often elected reformist leaders; Prime Minister Léon Gambetta was the son of a Marseille grocer, and future prime minister Georges Clemenceau was elected deputy from the Var in 1885.The second half of the 19th century saw a revival of the Provençal language and culture, particularly traditional rural values.