 Characteristics of "shōnen-ai" include exoticism, often taking place in Europe, and idealism.Jeffrey Angles particularly notes Moto Hagio's "The Heart of Thomas" (1974) and Keiko Takemiya's "Kaze to Ki no Uta" (1976–1984) as being groundbreaking, noting their portrayal of intense friendship between males, including jealousy and desire.The origin of "shōnen-ai" is thought to come through two pathways.