 Altogether, the Duchy had an initial area of around 104,000 km², with a population of approximately 2,600,000.The bulk of its inhabitants were Poles.In 1809, Austria was successfully defeated by Polish–Saxon troops after it attempted to take possession of the Duchy and for its part had to cede to the Duchy of Warsaw Polish regions absorbed up to 1795, among them the old Polish royal city of Kraków.