 Gardenieae with many ovules in Cinchonoideae and Ixoreae with one ovule in Coffeoideae, and because in species of "Tarenna" the number of ovules varies from one to several in each locule.During the twentieth century other characters were used to delineate subfamilies, e.g.stylar pollen presentation, raphides, endosperm, heterostyly, etc.