 Joseph Schumpeter saw the incorporation of new elements into an expanding bourgeoisie, particularly entrepreneurs who took risks to bring innovation to industries and the economy through the process of creative destruction, as the driving force behind the capitalist engine.The Modern French word "bourgeois" (; ) derived from the Old French "burgeis" (walled city), which derived from "bourg" (market town), from the Old Frankish "burg" (town); in other European languages, the etymologic derivations include the Middle English "burgeis", the Middle Dutch "burgher", the German "Bürger", the Modern English "burgess", the Spanish "burgués", the Portuguese "burguês", and the Polish "burżuazja", which occasionally is synonymous with the "intelligentsia".In its literal sense, "bourgeois" in Old French ("burgeis, borjois") means "town dweller".