 The adaptation of lighter skin is needed so that individuals in higher latitudes can still absorb enough UV for the production of vitamin D. Freckled individuals tend to tan less and have very light skin, which would have helped the individuals that expressed these genes absorb vitamin D.

"Ephelides" describes a freckle which is flat and light brown or red and fades with reduction of sun exposure.Ephelides are more common in those with light complexions, although they are found on people with a variety of skin tones.The regular use of sunblock can inhibit their development.