 "Yaoi" finds its origins in both fan culture and commercial publishing.As James Welker has summarized, the term "yaoi" dates back to "dōjinshi" culture of the late 1970s to early 1980s where, as a portmanteau of "yamanashi ochinashi iminashi" ("no climax, no point, no meaning"), it was a self-deprecating way to refer to amateur fan works that parodied mainstream manga and anime by depicting the male characters from popular series in vaguely or explicitly sexual situations and in the manga they are often explicitly shown.The use of "yaoi" to refer to parody "dōjinshi" is still predominant in Japan.