 A "Second Reconstruction," sparked by the Civil Rights Movement, led to civil-rights laws in 1964 and 1965 that ended legal segregation and re-opened the polls to blacks.The laws and constitutional amendments that laid the foundation for the most radical phase of Reconstruction were adopted from 1866 to 1871.By the 1870s, Reconstruction had officially provided freedmen with equal rights under the Constitution, and blacks were voting and taking political office.