 In the early Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the tributary relationship was re-established.By the middle of the 15th century, following the introduction of Chinese political and commercial institutions in the Amur region, the Sakhalin Ainu were making frequent tributary visits to Chinese-controlled outposts.Chinese of the Ming dynasty knew the island as Kuyi (苦夷 "Kǔyí") or Kuwu (), and later as Kuye (), as it is known today.