 In 1849, he was arrested in Dresden for his participation in the Czech rebellion of 1848 and deported to Russia.There he was imprisoned in Saint Petersburg, then in the Shlisselburg fortress from 1854, then exiled to Siberia in 1857.He escaped via Japan to the United States, then to London where he worked with Alexander Herzen on the journal "Kolokol" (""The Bell"").