 NY 313 was assigned to its current alignment as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.There was initially no matching route on the Vermont side of the highway; however, the east–west highway connecting U.S. Route 7 (now VT 7A) in Arlington to New York State Route 313 at the New York state line was added to the Vermont state highway system as part of the 1935 state highway system expansion and initially designated as VT 123.The route became part of VT 11 by 1938, which was then co-designated as VT 313 from New York to Arlington by 1940.