 Improvements in the road network can make congestion worse if the improvements make public transport more inconvenient or if it shifts investment, causing disinvestment in the public transport system.The general conclusion, if the paradox applies, is that expanding a road system as a remedy to congestion is ineffective and often even counterproductive.That is known as Lewis–Mogridge position and was extensively documented by Martin Mogridge in the case study of London on his book "Travel in towns