 Rabbi Judan noted that after the 98 reproofs in says, “You are standing (, "nizavim") this day all of you,” which Rabbi Judan taught we render (according to Onkelos), “you endure this day all of you,” and thus to mean, “you are strong men to withstand all these reproofs.”

The Gemara deduced from the separate mention of "all the men of Israel," "your stranger," and "the hewer of your wood to the drawer of your water" in that Moses meant to decree that the hewers of wood and the drawers of water (whom the Gemara deduced from were Gibeonites) were to be considered neither Israelites nor converts in that generation.The Gemara further deduced that in Joshua extended that decree of separation for the period during which the Sanctuary existed, and in David extended the decree for all generations.The school of Rabbi Yannai relied on the reference in to "the hewer of your wood to the drawer of your water" to teach that slaves, as well, were children of the Covenant.