 For a long time, until the early 18th century, the Crimean Khanate maintained a massive slave trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East, exporting about 2 million slaves from Russia and Poland-Lithuania over the period 1500–1700.Caffa (modern Feodosia) became one of the best-known and significant trading ports and slave markets.In 1769 the last major Tatar raid saw the capture of 20,000 Russian and Ruthenian slaves.