 The descendant Romance languages are full of grammatical particles such as Spanish ', "where", from Latin ' + ', or French ', "since", from ' + ', while the equivalent Spanish and Portuguese ' is "de" + "ex" + "de".Spanish ' and Portuguese ', "after", represent "de" + "ex" + '.Some of these new compounds appear in literary texts during the late empire; French ', Spanish "de " and Portuguese "de " ("outside") all represent "de" + ' (Romanian ' – "ad" + "foris"), and we find Jerome writing "stulti, nonne qui fecit, quod de foris est, etiam id, quod de intus est fecit?"