 Mwami Mutara took steps to end the destabilization and chaos he saw in the land.Mutara made many changes; in 1954 he shared out the land between the Hutu and the Tutsi, and agreed to abolish the system of indentured servitude ("ubuhake" and "uburetwa") the Tutsis had practised over the Hutu until then.In the 1950s and early 1960s, a wave of Pan-Africanism swept through Central Africa, expressed by leaders such as Julius Nyerere in Tanzania and Patrice Lumumba in the Congo.