 The first use of human cadavers for anatomical research occurred later in the 4th century BCE when Herophilos and Erasistratus gained permission to perform live dissections, or vivisection, on condemned criminals in Alexandria under the auspices of the Ptolemaic dynasty.Herophilos in particular developed a body of anatomical knowledge much more informed by the actual structure of the human body than previous works had been.Herophilos was the first physician to dissect human bodies and is considered to be the founder of Anatomy.