 According to David Stannard's "American Holocaust", 50% of African deaths occurred in Africa as a result of wars between native kingdoms, which produced the majority of slaves.This includes not only those who died in battles but also those who died as a result of forced marches from inland areas to slave ports on the various coasts.The practice of enslaving enemy combatants and their villages was widespread throughout Western and West Central Africa, although wars were rarely started to procure slaves.