 The invention in France of the Jacquard loom in about 1803, enabled complicated patterned cloths to be woven, by using punched cards to determine which threads of coloured yarn should appear on the upper side of the cloth.The jacquard allowed individual control of each warp thread, row by row without repeating, so very complex patterns were suddenly feasible.Samples exist showing calligraphy, and woven copies of engravings.