 This has been interpreted by Ignác Goldziher as "European era", from "taʾrīkh" (date, era, annals) and "aṣfar" (yellow, pale, red), a word which came to be applied to Greeks, then Romans and by the Middle Ages to Europeans in general, the "Banuʾl-Aṣfar" ("sons of the yellow one").Alternatively, Giorgio Levi Della Vida interprets it as "Bronze Era", with "ṣufr" being a literal translation of "aera".This derivation is supported by a legend recorded in the 12th-century "Chronica Gothorum Pseudoisidoriana" and interpolated in the Arabic translation of Orosius' "Historiae adversus paganos".