 Cats may growl, similar to dogs, in the presence of other cats or dogs to establish dominance or to indicate they do not wish to interact with that individual

Growling may also function as a type of escape from predation as well as a warning signal to other con-specifics of close by predators.The LongSnout Seahorse ("Hippocampus reid") uses a form of growling when under stress, in the presence of a predator.They use their low-frequency growl to help warn con specifics of a predator that is currently attacking it and will only show this type of growl when it is being handled.