 Collapse associated with caldera formation may have been as much as 1100 m. Around 32–39 km³ of magma was erupted, making the Kuwae eruption one of the largest in the last 10,000 years.In Antarctic and Greenland ice cores, a major eruption or series of eruptions is revealed as a spike in sulfate concentration, showing that the release in form of particles was higher than any other eruption since.Also, analysis of the ice cores pinpointed the event to late 1452 or early 1453.