 Though Kemalism has contributed to the rapid modernization of the country in many aspects, traditional sexual mores have proven to be resilient.Even those families who encouraged their daughters to pursue professional careers as teachers, doctors or lawyers maintained the expectation that these women would continue to conduct themselves virtuously as "dedicated mothers, and modest housewives".In some societies, e.g., in Pashtun tribes of Afghanistan, "namus" goes beyond the basic family and is common for a "plarina", a unit of the tribe that has a common ancestral father.