 Honor is used to mean "namus" in the English language translation of Filiz Kardam's 2005 paper on "namus cinayetleri" (literally "namus" murders), but Nüket Kardam has written that chastity is a more accurate translation than honor.By the latter definition, honor is seen as an imperfect translation because the concept of "namus" implies the idea that men have a right to insist on feminine chastity.This is built into the legal system which permits reduced sentences for honor killings.