 Its connexion with Durham and Northumberland is shown by various allusions, such as that to St. Cuthbert in a collect ("intercedente beato Cudbertho Sacerdote"; p. 185 of the Surtees Soc.edition).This fragment represents the fusion of the Roman and Gallican uses that had taken place all over North-Western Europe since the first Frankish Emperor Charlemagne (768-814) or even earlier (Duchesne, Origines du culte chrétien, 2nd ed., 89-99).