 Since the 1870s and the rise of professionalism, the daily routine of American workers has been largely designed by professionals instead of foremen.Today, most American workers –many of whom earn middle-range incomes and work in white-collar occupations – are usually not resentful of the professionals, though a feeling of disconnect persists.Even nowadays there is a large visible discrepancy between professionals whose main job duties include visualizing and directing the day of other workers and those who carry out the orders.