 Severe colonization of mistletoe can affect the health of an individual tree, and a tree already stressed by other factors can be killed.Forest fragmentation can increase "Phoradendron" infection rates in some oak trees, as trees in lower density forests and those closer to the forests' edges are more likely to be colonized by the mistletoe.Control and management regimes include watering the host plant to improve its vigor, and removing infested vegetation.