 Using this approach, many low-cost electronic devices, including open-source devices, become compatible with common laboratory instruments.Some startups such as Emerald Cloud Lab and Transcriptic attempt to provide automated laboratory access on a commercial scale.A 2017 study indicates that these commercial-scale, fully integrated automated laboratories can improve reproducibility and transparency in basic biomedical experiments, and that over nine in ten biomedical papers use methods currently available through these groups.