 Further bans on the Turkish language were made in the 1980s when the Baath regime prohibited the Iraqi Turkmen from speaking Turkish in public.It was not until 2005 that the Turkmen/Turkman dialects were recognized under the Iraqi constitution; since then, the Iraqi Turkmen have opened numerous Turkish schools and media exposure from Turkey has led to the standardisation of their dialects towards Istanbul Turkish and the preferable language for adolescents associating with the Turkish culture.Indeed, Iraqi Turkmens themselves (according to the 1957 census), as well as a range of linguistic sources, tend to view their language as a Turkish dialect (of Turkey), which they call "Irak Türkmen Türkçesi", "Irak Türkçesi", or "Irak Türkmencesi".