 A whole drive ("Triebe", in Szondi's own terms), like the sexual drive S, is composed of a pair of two opposite drive needs ("Triebbedürfnisse"), in this case "h" (tender love) and "s" (sadism).Each drive need in turn has a positive and negative striving ("Triebstrebung"), for instance h+ (personal tender love) and h- (collective love), or s+ (sadism toward the other) and s- (masochism).The four whole drives correspond to the four independent hereditary circles of mental illness established by the psychiatric genetics of the time