 Scholars have written that Judge Schwebel was inhibited, however, in making a case for his view due to the withdrawal of the United States from the proceedings and, as a result, the lack of an advocate in the Court to defend U.S. policy and to attack the evidence presented by Nicaragua.Since the end of his tenure on the International Court of Justice, Judge Schwebel has acted as counsel, mediator and independent arbitrator in disputes that have involved commercial, corporate and public international law.He has been appointed in 67 arbitral proceedings that have included disputes between states and disputes between states and foreign investors.