 He has had a long personal political experience, first in underground anti-Francoist politics and later, under democracy, in social democratic politics.He was the Spanish Minister of Education and Science from 1982 to 1988, and was a member of the Spanish Parliament.Maravall is an Honorary Fellow of St. Antony's College (Oxford), a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), and a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.