 Kovel is quick to assert that the focus on "production" does not mean that there will be an increase in production and labor under Eco-socialism.He thinks that the emancipation of labor and the realization of use-value will allow "the spheres of work and culture to be reintegrated".He cites the example of Paraguayan Indian communities (organised by Jesuits) in the 18th century who made sure that all community members learned musical instruments, and had labourers take musical instruments to the fields and takes turns playing music or harvesting.