 A notable spin-off of this technique was the A-90 Orlyonok ekranoplane, which was powered in flight by a massive Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprop (by far the most powerful ever built), and required two large turbofans embedded in the nose for take-off, whose ducts pointed permanently downwards under the wings to provide PAR thrust.These engines were shut down during flight to reduce fuel consumption.Some other craft such as Burt Rutan's PARLC, Russian Strizh PE-201, Volga 2, Ivolga and other WIG craft use this system.