 He proposed and demonstrated a general concept for the growth of nanoscale axial heterostructures and the growth of nanowire superlattices with new photonic and electronic properties, the basis of intensive efforts today in nanowire photonics and electronics.In parallel, he proposed and demonstrated the heterojunction concept of radial core-shell nanowire structures and single-crystalline multi-quantum well structures.Lieber also demonstrated a synthetic methodology to introduce controlled stereocenters – kinks – into nanowires, introducing the possibility of increasingly complex and functional nanostructures for three-dimensional nanodevices.