 Martin Grabner (in his Preuss entry on Bergsteigen.at; "Alpines Lexicon") claims that during this time Preuss made his living delivering such lectures, which would make him the precursor of our modern professional climbers as well as the precursor of pure climbing ethics.In all, he had more than fifty lectures scheduled for the year he died.Günther Freiherr von Saar claims that Preuss learned “modern ice-craft” during the summers of 1912 and 1913 from Oscar Eckenstein, the inventor of the ten-point crampon.