 However, soon after viral infection, animals efficiently generate cytotoxic T cells independently of type I IFN signaling and clear the virus from their lungs.Moreover, even the animals that are unresponsive to type I IFN develop long-term anti-SeV immunity in a form of memory response that includes generation of CD8+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies.This memory response can protect animals against further challenge with a lethal dose of virus.