 Uppalavanna shares a complementary role with her male counterpart Maha Moggallana.American "bhikkhuni" Tathālokā Therī points out that the story of Uppalavanna's rape in the Pali tradition shares a theme with Maha Moggallana, whose psychic powers also suddenly become ineffective on one occasion due to a past karma, which leaves him unable to escape and causes him to get killed by a group of bandits.Anthropologist Ranjini Obeyesekere notes that of the Buddha's two pairs of chief disciples, each pair had one disciple that was dark skinned (Maha Moggallana and Uppalavanna) and one disciple that was light skinned (Sariputta and Khema).