 The right exercised by Byzantine emperors and Holy Roman Emperors to confirm the election of a Pope, which was last exercised in the Early Middle Ages, appears unrelated to the Early modern legal claim of "jus exclusivae" by the Holy Roman Empire, France, and Spain.Pope Pius IV, in his bull "In Elgidendis" (1562), excluded formal support of the Church to such rights and external interventions in the conclave.It was explicetely forbidden in 1904 with the bull "Commissum Nobis" of Pope Pius X
In the 17th century, treatises in defence of this right first appear.