 As Curator, Gilmore was often asked to identify fossils brought to the museum by the public.In 1938, he examined fossilized teeth discovered by a limestone quarrying operation and identified them as rare Pleistocene fossils of tapir, bear, and an extinct North American lion.A prolific writer, Gilmore published 170 scientific papers during his career, including monographic studies on the osteology of "Apatosaurus" and "Camptosaurus" and the osteology of carnivorous and armored dinosaurs.