 As stipulated in the Philippine Organic Act, the bicameral Philippine Legislature was established in 1907, with the Commission as the upper house and the elected Philippine Assembly acting as lower house.The Jones Act of 1916 ended the Commission, replacing it with an elected Philippine Senate as the Legislature's upper house.On March 16, 1900, President McKinley appointed the First Philippine Commission (the Schurman Commission), a five-person group headed by Dr. Jacob Schurman, president of Cornell University, to investigate conditions in the islands and make recommendations.