 These were Rice Varietal Improvement, Planting and Fertilizer Management, Integrated Pest Management, Rice-based Farming Systems, Rice Engineering and mechanization, Rice Chemistry and Food Science, and Social Science and Policy Research.A change to its R&D structure was implemented from 1998 to 2005.Each multidisciplinary R&D program was carried by the different discipline-based divisions and each division participated in each R&D programs, as follows