 Many Madhesis, comprising nearly 20 percent of the total population of Nepal, felt marginalized by the 2006 peace deal between the government and the CPN-M that ended the decade-long Nepalese Civil War.Frustrated Madhesis feared they would not have a place in any future government under the agreement,

Throughout its period of militancy, the JTMM remained in a heated battle with its parent organization.In August 2005, several leading JTMM members were killed in fighting with the CPN-M.