 Small pressure oscillations delivered at a very high rate are superimposed by the action of a “loudspeaker” oscillator membrane.HFOV is often used in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome who fail to oxygenate appropriately with lung-protective settings of conventional ventilation.It has also been used in ARDS in adults, but two studies (the OSCAR and OSCILLATE trials) showed negative results for this indication.