 The western flanks of the caldera drain into the Antofagasta de la Sierra valley through a number of drainages such as Rio Punilla, Rio Toconquis, Rio Miriguaca, Rio Las Pitas; the waters eventually end into the Laguna Antofagasta south of Antofagasta de la Sierra.Two hot springs are found within the caldera, the first close to its northern end and the second on the southwestern foot of the resurgent dome, both emitting water with temperatures of about .The first one is known as the Aguas Calientes hydrothermal spring and features deposits of tufa and boiling water.