 formula_5 will always be greater than formula_3 because the model is not fitted to the reflections that contribute to formula_5, but the two statistics should be similar because a correct model should predict "all" the data with uniform accuracy.If the two statistics differ significantly then that indicates the model has been over-parameterized, so that to some extent it predicts not the ideal error-free data for the correct model, but rather the error-afflicted data actually observed.The quantities formula_10 and formula_11 are similarly used to describe the internal agreement of measurements in a crystallographic data set.