 Under his authority, all books written by Protestants were banned, together with Italian and German translations of the Latin Bible.Jews & Conversos

In the Papal States, a Marrano presence was noticeable.In Rome and, even more so, the seaport of Ancona, they thrived under benevolent popes Clement VII (1523–34), Paul III (1534–49), and Julius III (1550–55).