 The Creek War of 1813–1814, also known as the "Red Stick War", began as a civil war within the Muscogee Nation, only to become enmeshed within the War of 1812.Inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh (to whom nineteenth-century writers attributed fiery speeches that he "must have said") and their own religious leaders, and encouraged by British traders, Red Stick leaders such as William Weatherford (Red Eagle), Peter McQueen, and Menawa won the support of the Upper Creek towns.Allied with the British, they opposed white encroachment on Muscogee lands and the "civilizing programs" administered by Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins, and clashed with many of the leading chiefs of the Muscogee Nation, most notably the Lower Creek "Mico" William McIntosh, Hawkins' most powerful ally.