 However, when de jure independence was proclaimed under his successor Ferdinand in 1908, the title was elevated to the customary "tsar" once more.The use of "tsar" continued under Ferdinand and later under his heirs Boris III and Simeon II until the abolition of monarchy in 1946.While the title "tsar" was translated as "emperor" in the First and Second Bulgarian Empires, it was translated as "king" in modern Bulgarian language.