 In early history of Islam, there were considerable disagreements in Muslim jurist opinions on applicability of "qisas" and "diyah" when a Muslim murdered a non-Muslim (dhimmi, musta'min or a slave).Most scholars of Hanafi school of sharia ruled that, if a Muslim killed a "dhimmi", "qisas" was applicable against the Muslim, but this could be averted by paying a "diyah".In one case, the "Hanafi" jurist Abu Yusuf initially ordered "qisas" when a Muslim killed a "dhimmi", but under Caliph Harun al-Rashid's pressure replaced the order with "diyah" if the victim's family members were unable to prove the victim was paying "jizya" willingly as a "dhimmi".