 He secretly served in the Communist Party; during the Civil War he worked as a journalist.After spending time in the concentration camp of Saint-Cyprien (France), he came to Veracruz (Mexico) in the Sinaia and there remained until 1967, with brief stays in other countries of Hispanoamerica and a whole year (from 1956 to 1957) in Santiago de Chile.In Mexico he began to work at an import business translating the correspondence into English and French; he also worked in publicity, founding together with José Ramón Arana the magazine The Spaniards, a meeting-place for expatriate Spanish writers and poets who came to fill the void left by the ephemeral publications The Wandering Spaniard of Jose Bergamín and Romance of the poet Juan Rejano.