 This dominance became particularly pronounced in the early twentieth century, as exemplified by the issuing of the anti-modernist oath by Pope Pius X in 1910, and the publication in 1914 of the 24 Thomistic theses which had to be taught in all colleges as fundamental elements of theology.The roots of a questioning of the dominance of neo-scholasticism may be traced to work done from the 1920s onwards.Some French Jesuit studies made in exile at Ore Place, Hastings, in 1906–1926 might be seen as forerunners of the "nouvelle théologie".