 Welsh LGBT historian Norena Shopland, in "Forbidden Lives", examines a number of translations of Gerald of Wales's extract from the third book of "Topographia Hiberniae", ‘A proof of the iniquity (of the Irish) and a novel form of marriage’.Shopland shows how all translations currently being used were originally made before homosexuality was legal, and so reflect those times.She includes evidence supporting Boswell's translation of ‘marriage’ and not, as others claim ‘a treaty’.