 Allocating a new internal array "A" and copying all of the values from the old internal array to the new one takes O("n") actual time, but (with an appropriate choice of the constant of proportionality "C") this is entirely cancelled by the decrease in the potential function, leaving again a constant total amortized time for the operation.The other operations of the data structure (reading and writing array cells without changing the array size) do not cause the potential function to change and have the same constant amortized time as their actual time.Therefore, with this choice of resizing strategy and potential function, the potential method shows that all dynamic array operations take constant amortized time.