 Tinting and toning were sometimes applied together.In the United States, St. Louis engraver Max Handschiegl and cinematographer Alvin Wyckoff created the Handschiegl Color Process, a dye-transfer equivalent of the stencil process, first used in "Joan the Woman" (1917) directed by Cecil B. DeMille, and used in special effects sequences for films such as "The Phantom of the Opera" (1925).Eastman Kodak introduced its own system of pre-tinted black-and-white film stocks called Sonochrome in 1929.