 By itself, the prefix "’a-" usually signals CAUSATIVE voice; the subject of the sentence is then a causer of the event who is not the immediate agent.Reduplication with neither of the prefixes signals FREQUENTATIVE, the repetition of the event conveyed by the verb.Together with the prefix "tä-", reduplication and internal "-a-" both signal RECIPROCAL; the subject, most often plural, represents both the agent and patient or recipient of the event.