 Racial tensions increased dramatically within a year.They were fuelled by the Barisan Sosialis's tactics of stirring up communal sentiment as the pro-Communist party seeking to use means to survive against the crackdown by both the government of Singapore and the Federal Government.In particular, despite the Malaysian government conceding citizenship to the many Chinese immigrants after independence, in Singapore the Chinese disdained the Federal policies of affirmative action, which granted special privileges to the Malays guaranteed under Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia.