 Then

Therefore, if

is the sum of the "n"-th powers of all the roots, primitive and imprimitive,

and by Möbius inversion,

It follows from the identity "x""q" − 1 = ("x" − 1)("x""q"−1 + "x""q"−2 + ... + "x" + 1) that

and this leads to the formula

published by Kluyver in 1906.This shows that "c""q"("n") is always an integer.Compare it with the formula

It is easily shown from the definition that "c""q"("n") is multiplicative when considered as a function of "q" for a fixed value of "n"