 Jazz (or, as Pynchon refers to it in one variant spelling of the novel's time period, "Jass") provides a non-hierarchical model of organization that the author relates to politics about a third of the way through the novel, according to Leith, who quotes from the passage, in which ‘Dope’ Breedlove, an Irish revolutionist at a Jazz-bar, makes the point.Breedlove characterises the Irish Land League as "the closest the world has ever come to a perfect Anarchist organization".In a Bloomberg News review, Craig Seligman identifies three overarching themes in the novel