 These executions were a major factor in the long term alienation of the Old English from the English state in Ireland.On 10 September 1580, a squadron of Spanish ships under the command of Don Juan Martinez de Recalde landed a Papal force of Spanish and Italians numbering 600 men commanded by Sebastiano di San Giuseppe (aka Sebastiano da Modena; Sebastian de San José), at Smerwick, on the Dingle Peninsula near the same point where Fitzmaurice had landed the previous year.They had arms for several thousand men, sent by Philip II to aid the rebellion, and paid for by Pope Gregory.