 In reality, from 1787 to the return of the Jesuits in 1840, Jiangnan was governed by native priests, who kept alive the Catholic Faith.In 1833 Gaietano Peres-Pereira was made Bishop of Jiangnan, and resided at Beijing, relegating his powers to Father Henriquez, a Lazarist like himself residing at Macau.On 1 October 1838, Monsignor Peres, last Bishop of Nan-king, conferred the powers of vicar-general to Father Louis de Besi, named in 1841 Vicar-Apostolic of Shandong and administrator of the diocese of Nanjing and consecrated titular Bishop of Canopus.