 And foretold that the Israelites would be reduced in number after having been as numerous as the stars.Professor Patrick D. Miller, formerly of Princeton Theological Seminary, saw the reassurance of echoed in and and and 

, and each report the Israelites' interaction with Edom and Moab.and report that the Israelites sent messengers to the kings of both countries asking for passage through their lands, and according to the passage in Numbers the Israelites offered to trade with Edom, but both kings declined to let the Israelites pass.