 Several methods have been suggested to effectively teach ELLs, including bringing their home cultures into the classroom, involving them in language-appropriate content-area instruction from the beginning, and integrating literature into their learning programs.Some educational advocates, especially in the United States, encourage the use of other terms, such as non-native English speaker or emergent bilingual.The term "English Language Learner" was first used by Mark LaCelle-Peterson and Charlene Rivera in their 1994 study, referring to students whose first language is not English, including both limited and higher levels of language proficiency.