 Children who are repeatedly infected can develop anemia, malnutrition and learning difficulties.The symptoms are usually haematuria, bladder obstruction, renal failure, bladder cancer, periportal fibrosis, bladder fibrosis, liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, cervical lesions, ascites, and esophageal varices.Inexpensive praziquantel can be used to treat individuals with schistosomiasis, but cannot prevent reinfection.