 The ideas in the publication soon evolved into the "Smenovekhovstvo" movement, which promoted the concept of accepting the Soviet regime and the October Revolution of 1917 as a natural and popular progression of Russia's fate, something which was not to be resisted despite perceived ideological incompatibilities with Leninism.The "Smenovekhovstvo" encouraged its members to return to Russia, predicting that the Soviet Union would not last and would give way to a revival of Russian nationalism.Smenovekhovtsy supported co-operation with the Soviet government in the hope that the Soviet state would evolve back into a "bourgeois state".