 Castile refused steadily, trusting on its prominent position in Europe and its military power to keep the Pope's interventionism in check.By the end of the Middle Ages, England, due to distance and voluntary compliance, and Castile (future part of Spain) due to resistance and power, were the only Western European kingdoms to successfully resist the establishment of the Inquisition in their realms.Although Raymond of Penyafort was not an inquisitor, as a canon lawyer and king's advisor James I of Aragon had often consulted him on questions of law regarding the practices of the Inquisition in the king's domains.