 In 1992, 1997, 2004, and 2006 the IIFA issued Institutional fatwas about pediatric research ethics.Other organizations that have issued similar fatwas include Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences IOMS, Islamic Fiqh Council IFC, Dar-Alifta Al-Misrriyah, and Islamic Medical Association of North America IMANA.The IIFA has had a hand in defining standards of medical research confidentiality via institutional fatwas.