 Escobar encourages scholars to use ethnographic methods to further the post-development era by advancing the deconstructive creations initiated by contemporary social movements (without claiming universal applicability).Indeed, the Colombia case study in "Encountering Development" demonstrates that development economists' "economization of food" resulted in ambitious plans but not necessarily less hunger.A new 2011 edition of the book begins with a substantial new introduction, in which he argues that "postdevelopment" needs to be redefined and that a field of "pluriversal studies" would be helpful.