 The risk of parasite and disease spreading for southern bluefin aquaculture is low to negligible; the modern SBT aquaculture industry has total catch to harvest mortalities of around 2-4%.A diverse range of parasite species has been found hosted by the southern bluefin tuna, with most of the parasites examined posing little or no risk to the health of the farms—with some southern bluefin actually showing antibody responses to epizootics—however, blood fluke and gill fluke have the greatest risk factors.Hypoxia is also a significant issue, and can be escalated due to unforeseen environmental factors such as algal blooms.