 Mexico secularized the missions and transferred or sold the lands to other non-Native administrators or owners.Many of the Mission Indians worked on the newly established ranchos with little improvement in their living conditions.Around 1906 Alfred L. Kroeber and Constance G. Du Bois of the University of California, Berkeley first applied the term "Mission Indians" to Southern California Native Americans as an ethnographic and anthropological label to include those at Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa and south.