 Following oral glucose intake, the liver accounts for an equal or greater portion of total net glucose uptake compared to the periphery.Insulin exerts pivotal control of glucose levels through its ability to regulate hepatic glucose production directly or indirectly.The traditional subcutaneous (S.C.) insulin administration regimens used by diabetic patients a) fails to capture the pulsatile nature of natural insulin secretion and b) does not reach high enough insulin concentrations at the hepatocyte level (e.g., 10 U regular insulin injected S.C. produce a peak systemic circulation concentration of 30-40 µU/ml and an even lower portal vein concentration of 15-20 µU/ml).