 In November 2010, the final dating of sand grains via infrared-radio fluorescence (IR-RF) and the dating of the teeth via a combined electron-spin and uranium–lead dating was published in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" wherein the age of the fossil was concluded as to be of 609,000 ± 40,000 years.The Mauer mandible is the type specimen of the species "Homo heidelbergensis".