 Historian G. A.Loud considers "incastellamento" as one of the chief reasons for the decline in princely influence in Benevento and Capua (especially the former) during the late tenth century.Historian Barbara Kreutz notes the encastellation of the monastic estates which dominated south Italian politics and contributed to the constant confiscation and invasion of monastic estates as lay barons sought to increase their power against their foes during the war-filled eleventh and twelfth centuries.