 A member of the HMG family of proteins, HMGB1, has also been shown to have an extracellular activity as a chemokine, attracting neutrophils and mononuclear inflammatory cells to the infected liver.The high-mobility group protein such as HMO1  alters DNA architecture by binding, bending and looping.Furthermore, these HMG-box DNA-binding proteins increase the flexibility of the DNA upon binding.