 He concluded that it could not be defended, as Trotsky held, as a degenerated workers' state, but that it was a bureaucratic collectivist system - an idea he introduced to Trotskyism.During World War II, he was pronounced unfit for duty, and attempted, with Marcel Hic, to publish "La Verité" secretly.This was difficult, and following a series of setbacks, he turned instead to work influencing the German Army.