 The German Empire (1871–1918) inflicted the death penalty for some forms of (1) high treason and for (2) murder.Murder was defined as killing with premeditation; only murder or attempted murder of one's sovereign was capital treason.Under military law, in case of a war only, some other particularly listed forms of (3) "treason", some cases of (4) wrongful surrender, (5) desertion in the field in case of relapse, if the previous desertion also had taken place in the field, (6) cowardice if it led to a flight with enticing one's comrades to flight, (7) explicit disobeying an order by word or deed in the face of the enemy, (8) sedition in the face of the enemy, or in the field (only) if done as a ringleader or instigator, or with violence as a leading man.