 The arrival of European settlers during the 16th century brought new forms of learning; formal schools appeared, providing a book-based education.Their audience was mainly made up of local elites (mulattos, sons of local chiefs and wealthy traders) and their presence was limited to the colonial forts, long confined to the coasts.The Portuguese intentions to establish schools was expressed in imperial instructions, that encouraged the Portuguese Governor of the castle at Elmina in 1529 to teach reading, writing and the Catholic religion to the people  .