 As an example of the classification problems, Kullander placed the African genus "Heterochromis" phylogenetically within Neotropical cichlids, although later papers concluded otherwise.Other problems center upon the identity of the putative common ancestor for the Lake Victoria superflock (many closely related species sharing a single habitat), and the ancestral lineages of Tanganyikan cichlids.Comparisons between a morphologically based phylogeny and analyses of gene loci produce differences at the genus level.