 The loss of a quarter of the convoy without any loss to the U-boats, despite very strong escort (two destroyers, four corvettes, three trawlers, and a minesweeper) demonstrated the effectiveness of the German tactics against the inadequate British anti-submarine methods.On 1 December, seven German and three Italian submarines caught HX 90, sinking 10 ships and damaging three others.The success of pack tactics against these convoys encouraged Admiral Dönitz to adopt the wolf pack as his primary tactic.