 Steven R. Best in 2003 observed "that antenna geometry alone, fractal or otherwise, does not uniquely determine the electromagnetic properties of the small antenna".In 2011, Robert C. Hansen and Robert E. Collin reviewed many papers on fractal antennas and concluded that they offer no advantage over fat dipoles, loaded dipoles, or simple loops, and that nonfractals are always better.Balanis reported on several fractal antennas and found them equivalent in performance to the electrically small antennas they were compared to.