 This policy results in problems in the function of the patriarchate, since clergy coming from abroad are not eligible to apply for residence and work permits.In its early days the Turkish state promoted a rival Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate, whose congregation, however, has remained limited.Expropriation of Church property and the conditions of state control imposed on the Orthodox Theological School of Halki that have led to its closure by the Patriarchate, are also cited by human rights groups.