 Several journalists from the First World reported that the government militia collaborated with the mujahideen.During communist rule, the PDPA government reformed the education system; education was stressed for both sexes, and widespread literacy programmes were set up.By 1988, women made up 40 percent of the doctors and 60 percent of the teachers at Kabul University; 440,000 female students were enrolled in different educational institutions and 80,000 more in literacy programs.