 Studies during the 2000s showed advantages of the fractal element technology in real-life applications, such as RFID and cell phones.Fractals have been used in antennas since 1988 and their advantages are good multiband performance, wide bandwidth, and small area and that reference showed that the gain with small size results from constructive interference with multiple current maxima, afforded by the electrically long structure in a small area.Some researchers have disputed that fractal antennas have superior performance.