 However, the land reform was gradually implemented under the later Karmal administration, although the proportion of land area affected by the reform is unclear.During the civil war, and the ensuing Soviet–Afghan War, most of the country's infrastructure was destroyed, and normal patterns of economic activity were disrupted.The gross national product (GNP) fell substantially during Karmal's rule because of the conflict; trade and transport were disrupted along with the loss of labor and capital.