 A number of strategies are geared towards prevention and control of alveolar echinococcosis—most of which are similar to those for cystic echinococcosis.For instance, health education programs, improved water sanitation, improved hygiene and de-worming of hosts (particularly red foxes) are all effective to prevent and control the spread of alveolar echinococcosis.Unlike cystic echinococcosis, however, where there is a vaccine against "E. granulosus", there is currently no canidae or livestock vaccine against "E. multilocularis".