 The "Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius" campaign of 1973 and 1974 was directed at Premier Zhou because he was viewed as one of the Gang's primary political opponents.In 1975, Zhou's enemies initiated a campaign named "Criticizing Song Jiang, Evaluating "the Water Margin"", which encouraged the use of Zhou as an example of a political loser.According to a recent biography of Zhou by Gao Wenqian, a former researcher at the CPC's Party Documents Research Office, Zhou was first diagnosed with bladder cancer in November 1972.