 This led some to depict him as "Seamus an chaca", or "James the shit", who had deserted his loyal followers.However, Gaelic scholar Breandán Ó Buachalla claims his reputation subsequently recovered as "the rightful king...destined to return' and upper-class Irish Jacobite writers like Charles O'Kelly and Nicholas Plunkett blamed "corrupt English and Scottish advisors" for his apparent desertion.After 1691, measures passed by the 1689 Parliament were annulled, penal laws barred Catholics from public life and land confiscations resumed.