sentences:  Hortative modalities signal the speaker's encouragement or discouragement toward the addressee's bringing about the action of an utterance.They can therefore be used only in the first-person plural (cohortative) and second-person singular and plural (adhortative, exhortative, dehortative, and inhortative).The term hortative dates to 1576, from Late Latin "hortatorius" "encouraging, cheering", from "hortatus", past participle of "hortari" "exhort, encourage", intensive of "horiri" "urge, incite, encourage".