sentences:  Not all of these lower and/or upper houses in national parliaments are democratically elected; for example, in Canada, members of the upper house (the Senate) are appointed.Pamela Paxton describes three factors that are reasons why national-level representation has become much larger over the past several decades.The first is the changing structural and economic conditions of nations, which says that educational advancements along with an increase in women's participation in the labor force encourages representation.