sentences:  1988) is a case heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit that tested the extent of software copyright.The court held that making RAM copies as an essential step in utilizing software was permissible under of the Copyright Act even if they are used for a purpose that the copyright holder did not intend.It also applied the "substantial noninfringing uses" test from "Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc." to hold that Quaid's software, which defeated Vault's copy protection mechanism, did not make Quaid liable for contributory infringement.