sentences:  The first proposes that it is a corruption of "rượu cuốc lủi" (literally "swamphen slips away liquor"), as "cuốc" ("Porphyrio", a type of swamphen) and "quốc" are homophones; this term may have come about because those who produce and sell this form of liquor have to do it in fear of prosecution, selling and then slipping away, like the behavior of the "cuốc" bird.The second theory is that the term is a parody of the foreign term "national spirit" (literally translated as "quốc hồn quốc túy", but can be understood to refer to a type of liquor), because the "national spirit" has to be produced surreptitiously, it is thus called "rượu quốc lủi".The third theory states that the term was created to distinguish this liquor from "rượu quốc doanh" (literally "state enterprise alcohol"); the government in northern Vietnam under communist rule prior to "đổi mới" in the 1980s had a monopoly on liquor production, so this illegally produced alcohol is similar to American moonshine—again highlighting the theme of secrecy.