sentences:  But African Americans in the city outnumbered whites on a four-to-one basis; among them were many highly educated, professional African Americans working at Tuskegee and the VA hospital.That year, without debate and against the protests of many African Americans, the state legislature redefined the boundaries of the city; it enacted Local Law 140, creating an irregular, 28-sided city boundary that excluded 420 black voters from the city, leaving only ten black voters within the redefined boundaries.Those excluded included the entire professional staffs of the Institute and the hospital.