sentences:  They achieved the best results with a black pissasphalt that seeped from a mountain in Darabgerd, Persia.The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides' c. 50–70 "De Materia Medica" ranked bitumen from the Dead Sea as medicinally superior to the pissasphalt from Apollonia (Illyria), both of which were considered to be an equivalent substitute for the scarce and expensive Persian "mumiya".During the Crusades, European soldiers learned firsthand of the drug mummia, which was considered to have great healing powers in cases of fracture and rupture.