sentences:  When Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988) chose Carlos Salinas de Gortari as the candidate in 1988, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas and Porfirio Muñoz Ledo left the PRI to form a separate party, and Cárdenas challenged Salinas at the polls.Manuel Bartlett, who was De la Madrid's powerful Minister of the Interior, was passed over for the candidacy and was disgruntled.The Ministry was in charge of the apparatus of the elections, now a responsibility of an independent entity, the Federal Election Institute (IFE), but then the ministry was a major component of rigging election results to make the PRI come out on top of any challenger.