sentences:  For systems that separately tax business entities and their members, a deemed paid credit may be offered to entities receiving income (such as dividends) from other entities, with respect to taxes paid by the payor entities with respect to the income underlying the income recognized by the member.Systems with controlled foreign corporation rules may provide deemed paid credits with respect to deemed income inclusions under such rules.Some variations on the credit provide for a credit for hypothetical tax to encourage foreign investment (sometimes known as tax sparing).