sentences:  Urban policing emerged in the 13th to 14th centuries in the Italian comunes (such as Bologna); although police forces have been assumed to be a modern innovation, these medieval forces had some similarities to modern police forces.Today, Italian municipal forces go by various names, such as "polizia communa" (comune police), "policia urbana" (urban police), and "polizia locale" (local police).The central functions of municipal police are administrative in character, including traffic control and responsibilities relating to licenses and urban regulations.