sentences:  Nietzsche read in 1883 Paul Bourget's "Essais de psychologie contemporaine", from which he borrowed the French term "décadence".Bourget had an organicist conception of society.Nietzsche had already encountered organicist theories in Rudolf Virchow's "Die Cellularpathologie" (1858) and in Alfred Espinas's "Des sociétés animales" (1887; "Die thierischen Gesellschaften", Braunschweig, 1879).