sentences:  He also mentions reading Hegel at the age of twenty.Late in life he read Spinoza, whom he called his "precursor", in particular for his criticisms of free will, teleology and his thoughts on the role of affects, joy and sadness.Nietzsche, however, opposed Spinoza's theory of "conatus", for which he substituted the "will to power" ("Wille zur Macht"); and he replaced Spinoza's formula ""Deus sive Natura"" (God or Nature) by ""Chaos sive Natura"".