sentences:  1972 from the University of Lisbon, and her Ph.D. 1978 from the University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.She is "directeur de recherche classe exceptionel" (DRCE) of the CNRS and director of a research unit of the INSERM at the Necker Institute, Paris, France.Her major scientific contributions are in the areas of T cell immune tolerance, T cell memory and development of intraepithelial lymphocytes.