sentences:  It has been documented that in 1505 at Calabar, (Nigeria) Manillas were being used as a medium of exchange, one "manilla" being worth a big elephant tooth, and a slave cost between eight and ten manillas.They were also in use on the Benin river in 1589 and again in Calabar in 1688, where Dutch traders bought slaves against payment in rough grey copper armlets which had to be very well made or they would be quickly rejected.In addition to the earliest report, the origin of Manillas from Calabar for use in Africa and particularly Nigeria is also confirmed by the African and universal other name for Manillas as Òkpòhò, which is an (Efik) word for money which is used throughout this report and in the titles of images in this report.