sentences:  Moreover, packet transport equipment, which makes up the machinery of data networking, leaves most of the carrier-grade qualities such as quality of service, routing, provisioning, and security, to be realized by packet processing.Addressing these needs in a cost-efficient way is a challenge for packet-based technologies.The IP-MPLS approach aims at providing guaranteed services over the Internet Protocol using a multitude of networking protocols to create, maintain and handle packet data streams.